Release of phosphorus from crop residue and cover crops over the non-growing season in a cool temperate region

Lozier, Tatianna M.; Macrae, Merrin L.; Brunke, R.; Eerd, Laura L. Van

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.015

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Similarly, cover crop research has shown mixed results relative to P losses on water quality depending on cover crop species, stage of growth, soil chemical properties, climate, soil texture, cropping systems, and other factors (Sharpley and Smith, 1991). Some researchers have demonstrated the potential for SRP losses from cover crops is a function of cover crop species, climate, and soil P concentrations, among other factors, which affect the magnitude of the losses (Cober et al, 2018; Lozier et al, 2017). Ulén (1997), however, found no increase in P losses from cover crops or stubble in Sweden.…”

Section: Implementing Conservation Practices That Reduce Agriculturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ulén (1997), however, found no increase in P losses from cover crops or stubble in Sweden. In colder climates, freeze–thaw cycles may increase SRP losses by releasing P from vegetation during hydrologic events, such as runoff from snowmelt (Lozier and Macrae, 2017; Lozier et al, 2017); SRP losses from freeze‐intolerant plants are more prevalent (Cober et al, 2019). Nevertheless, Cober et al (2019) found the contribution of SRP from soil was always greater than that from cover crops, regardless of cover crop type.…”

Section: Implementing Conservation Practices That Reduce Agriculturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing the Effectiveness and Adoption of Agricultural Phosphorus Management Strategies to Minimize Water Quality Impairment

Osmond

Shober²,

Sharpley

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

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Phosphorus (P) is essential for optimum agricultural production, but it also causes water quality degradation when lost through erosion (sediment‐attached P), runoff (soluble reactive P; SRP), or leaching (sediment‐attached P or SRP). Implementation of conservation practices (CP) affects P at the source (avoiding), during transport (controlling), or at the water resource edge (trapping). Trade‐offs often occur with CP implementation. For instance, multiple researchers have shown that conservation tillage reduces total P by over 50%, while increasing SRP by upward of 40%. Conservation tillage may increase water quality degradation as SRP is more bioavailable than is particulate P. Conservation practices must be implemented as a system of practices to increase redundancy and to address all loss pathways, such as P management with conservation tillage and a riparian buffer. Further, planning and adoption must be at a watershed scale to ensure practices are placed in critical source areas, thereby providing the most treatment for the least price. Farmers must be involved in watershed planning, which should include financial backstopping and educational outreach. It is imperative that CPs be used more effectively to reduce and retard off‐site P losses. New and innovative CPs are needed to improve control of P leaching, address legacy stores of soil test P, and mitigate increased P losses expected with climate change. Without immediate changes to CP implementation, P losses will increase due to climate change, with a concomitant degradation of water quality. These changes must be made at a watershed scale and in an intentional and transparent manner. Core Ideas Phosphorus‐reducing conservation practices must control all P pathways. Phosphorus‐reducing conservation practices must be utilized as systems. New and innovative conservation practices are needed to improve control of P. Farmer decision‐making must be considered when implementing conservation practices. Watershed planning and conservation practice implementation must be intentional.

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Section: Implementing Conservation Practices That Reduce Agriculturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implementing Conservation Practices That Reduce Agriculturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Effectiveness and Adoption of Agricultural Phosphorus Management Strategies to Minimize Water Quality Impairment

Osmond

Shober²,

Sharpley

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(, ), Lozier and Macrae (), Lozier et al. (), and Miller et al. () found that cover crop species directly affected the quantity of WEP released from plant tissue after exposure to freezing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Elliott () and Lozier et al. () found greater quantities of WEP released from living crop tissue compared with fully desiccated crop residue, suggesting that the quantity of WEP released from crop tissue may vary with time. Freezing crop tissue may have an immediate effect on plant tissue, whereas the effects of clipping or herbicide may be slower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have found that exposure of plant tissue to freezing conditions enhances levels of water‐extractable P (WEP) released from plant tissue compared with plant tissue that was not exposed to freezing conditions (Bechmann, Kleinman, Sharpley, & Saporito, ; Cober, Macrae, & Van Eerd, ; Liu, Khalaf, Ulen, & Bergkvist, ; Liu et al., ; Lozier & Macrae, ; Lozier, Macrae, Brunke, & Van Eerd, ; Miller, Beauchamp, & Lauzon, ; Øgaard, ). Bechmann et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species and termination method effects on phosphorus loss from plant tissue

et al. 2020

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Cover crops are often recommended as a best management practice to reduce erosion, weed pressure, and nutrient loss. However, cover crops may be sources of phosphorus (P) to runoff water after termination. Two greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the effects of cover crop species, termination method, and time after termination on water‐extractable P (WEP) release from crop biomass. Treatments were structured in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial and arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. Treatments included three cover crop species (triticale [× Triticosecale; Triticum × Secale ‘Trical’], rapeseed [Brassica napus L. ‘Winfred’], and crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.]); three termination methods (clipping, freezing, and herbicide); and three WEP extraction times (1, 7, and 14 d after termination). Rapeseed consistently resulted in the least WEP when exposed to the same method of termination and at the same extraction time as the other species. For both trials, terminating crop tissue via freezing increased concentrations of WEP compared with other termination methods. The WEP release from cover crop tissue increased as the time after extraction increased, but the effect was greater for herbicide‐ and freeze‐terminated cover crops and less for clipping‐terminated cover crops. Future studies on WEP release from cover crops should pay close attention to the effects of extraction timing. Producers may be able to reduce P loss from cover crop tissue by selecting cover crop species with low WEP and minimizing the amount of biomass exposed to freezing conditions.

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Soil Fertility

2023

Cover Crops and Soil Ecosystem Services

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Release of phosphorus from crop residue and cover crops over the non-growing season in a cool temperate region

Cited by 61 publications

References 65 publications

Increasing the Effectiveness and Adoption of Agricultural Phosphorus Management Strategies to Minimize Water Quality Impairment

Increasing the Effectiveness and Adoption of Agricultural Phosphorus Management Strategies to Minimize Water Quality Impairment

Species and termination method effects on phosphorus loss from plant tissue

Soil Fertility

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