Saturated hydraulic conductivity (KSAT) is an important soil property that is difficult to measure. Positive‐head tension infiltrometer (TI) and single‐ring pressure infiltrometer (PI) techniques show promise for measuring KSAT, but there have been few field tests or comparisons with other methods. The TI, PI, and classical undisturbed soil core (SC) methods for measuring KSAT were compared on single‐grain sand, structured loam, and cracking‐clay loam soils under conventional tillage (CT), no‐tillage (NT), and native woodlot (WL) managements. Of the 27 between‐method correlations (3 methods × 3 soils × 3 managements), only four were significant (P < 0.05). The TI method yielded lower KSAT values under high‐permeability conditions (KSAT ≥ 10−4 ms−1) relative to the other methods, as evidenced by lower geometric mean KSAT (KGM), lower maximum KSAT (KMAX), and lower minimum KSAT (KMIN) values. The 0.10‐m diam. by 0.10‐m‐long SC method cores may have been too small to yield representative estimates of KSAT in the cracking‐clay loam and in the NT and WL managements of the sand and loam, as indicated by high coefficients of variation (CVs), inconsistent KGM values, or high KMAX values relative to the other methods. Erratic KMAX and KMIN values, along with high CVs, suggest that the 0.10‐m‐diam. PI ring may have been too small to adequately sample the cracking clay loam soil under CT and NT management. Further work appears warranted for developing KSAT measurement methods, interpreting KSAT results, and determining appropriate KSAT methods for various soil types and conditions.

Agricultural P losses are a global economic and water quality concern. Much of the current understanding of P dynamics in agricultural systems has been obtained from rainfall-driven runoff, and less is known about cold-season processes. An improved understanding of the magnitude, form, and transport flow paths of P losses from agricultural croplands year round, and the climatic drivers of these processes, is needed to prioritize and evaluate appropriate best management practices (BMPs) to protect soil-water quality in cold regions. This study examines multiyear, year-round, high-frequency edge-of-field P losses (soluble reactive P and total P [TP]) in overland flow and tile drainage from three croplands in southern Ontario, Canada. Annual and seasonal budgets for water, P, and estimates of field P budgets (including fertilizer inputs, crop uptake, and runoff ) were calculated for each site. Annual edge-of-field TP loads ranged from 0.18 to 1.93 kg ha −1 yr −1 (mean = 0.59 kg ha −1 yr −1 ) across the region, including years with fertilizer application. Tile drainage dominated runoff across sites, whereas the contribution of tiles and overland flow to P loss differed regionally, likely related to site-specific topography, soil type, and microclimate. The nongrowing season was the dominant period for runoff and P loss across sites, where TP loss during this period was often associated with overland flow during snowmelt. These results indicate that emphasis should be placed on BMPs that are effective during both the growing and nongrowing season in cold regions, but that the suitability of various BMPs may vary for different sites.• We conducted a multiyear, field-based study of edge-of-field runoff and P loss. • Tile drainage was the dominant pathway for runoff. • Contribution of tiles and overland flow to P loss differed regionally. • The nongrowing season was critical for edge-of-field runoff and P loss.

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