Release of the recombinant proteins, human serum albumin, β-glucuronidase, glycoprotein B from human cytomegalovirus, and green fluorescent protein, in root exudates from transgenic tobacco and their effects on microbes and enzymatic activities in soil

Sabharwal, Neha; Icoz, I.; Saxena, Deepak; Stotzky, G.

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.009

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sabharwal et al [135] reported no significant differences in the number of various groups of microorganisms and in the activities of some enzymes between rhizosphere soil of transgenic tobacco expressing HSA and of nonmodified tobacco.…”

Section: In Situ Field Studies Of Microbial Populations and Enzyme Acmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The release of human serum albumin (HSA), ß-glucuronidase (GUS), glycoprotein B (gB) of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the root exudates of transgenic tobacco plants containing the genes for these proteins was evaluated [135].…”

Section: Release Of Recombinant Proteins Other Than Cry Proteins In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GUS is a hydrolase that catalyzes the cleavage of terminal glucuronic acid, ß-linked to mono-, oligo-, or polysaccharides or phenols [135,141]. In microorganisms, e.g., Escherichia coli, GUS functions in carbohydrate and energy metabolism while in animals, it is present in virtually all tissues and is involved in stepwise degradation of glycosamino-glucuronides and release of active hormones from steroid hormone-glucuronide conjugates [142].…”

Section: Release Of Recombinant Proteins Other Than Cry Proteins In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were no significant differences in the number of culturable bacteria, fungi, chitin utilizers, protozoa, denitrifiers, and oxidizers of ammonia and nitrite or in the activities of selected enzymes between the rhizosphere soil of genetically unmodified and HSA tobacco. Microbial and enzymatic assays were done only on soil in which HSA tobacco and unmodified tobacco, or no tobacco, had been grown, as GUS, gB, and GFP were not released in root exudates [59,135].…”

Section: Release Of Recombinant Proteins Other Than Cry Proteins In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Molecular pharming" [79,135,[203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215] utilizes transgenic plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals for use in human beings, chemicals for industrial purposes, and other compounds that are not intended to enter food and feed supplies [216]. The transgenic organisms have been genetically altered by the insertion of foreign genes, which, when expressed, enable the organisms to synthesize pharmaceuticals and other compounds in their tissues.…”

Section: Risks and Benefits Of "Molecular Pharming"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Saxena¹,

Pushalkar

Stotzky³

2013

TOTNJ

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a useful alternative or supplement to synthetic chemical pesticides in agriculture, forest management, and control of mosquitoes and some other biting insects. When modified Bt cry genes are inserted into a plant species (e.g., corn, cotton, potato, canola, rice), the plant expresses active larvicidal proteins in its tissues. The toxins continue to be synthesized during growth of the plants, making the plant toxic to various insect pests throughout their life or as biomass incorporated into soil. If production exceeds consumption, inactivation, and degradation, the toxins could accumulate to concentrations that may enhance the control of target pests or constitute a hazard to nontarget organisms, such as the soil microbiota, beneficial insects (e.g., pollinators, predators and parasites of insect pests), and other animal classes. The accumulation and persistence of the toxins could also result in the selection and enrichment of toxin-resistant target insects. Persistence is enhanced when the toxins are bound on surface-active particles in the environment (e.g., clays and humic substances) and, thereby, rendered more resistant to biodegradation while retaining toxic activity. Moreover, major problem we face today is of "Molecular pharming" that utilizes transgenic plants and animals for production of pharmaceuticals and chemicals for their use in human beings and industries respectively. Their release to the environment, especially to soil and potentially to waters of the pharmaceutical and industrial products of transgenic plant and animal "pharms" could pose a hazard to the environment. In contrast to the products of most transgenic plants currently available commercially (e.g., the insecticidal proteins from subspecies of Bt) that primarily target insects and other pests. These "pharms" are being genetically engineered to express products for use primarily in human beings. Consequently, these products constitute a class of compounds that is seldom found in natural habitats and that primarily target "higher level" eukaryotes. Hence, they are xenobiotics with respect to the environment, and their persistence in and effects on the environment have not been adequately studied and sober risk assessments on a case-bycase basis must be made before major releases of such transgenic organisms.

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Section: In Situ Field Studies Of Microbial Populations and Enzyme Acmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Release Of Recombinant Proteins Other Than Cry Proteins In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Release Of Recombinant Proteins Other Than Cry Proteins In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Release Of Recombinant Proteins Other Than Cry Proteins In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks and Benefits Of "Molecular Pharming"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Saxena¹,

Pushalkar

Stotzky³

2013

TOTNJ

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Ca²⁺– and Ba²⁺–Ligand Coordinated Unilamellar, Multilamellar, and Oligovesicular Vesicles

Song

Jia

Teng

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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Ca(2+)- and Ba(2+)-coordinated vesicle phases were prepared in mixed aqueous solutions of tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C(14)DMAO) and calcium oleate (Ca(OA)(2)) or barium oleate (Ba(OA)(2)). At the right mixing ratios, metal-ligand coordination between Ca(OA)(2) or Ba(OA)(2) and C(14)DMAO results in the formation of molecular bilayers due to the reduction in area per head group. Ca(2+) and Ba(2+) tightly associate to the head groups of surfactants and in this system the bilayer membranes are not shielded by excess salts. The structures of the birefringent samples of the Ca(OA)(2)/C(14)DMAO/H(2)O and Ba(OA)(2)/C(14)DMAO/H(2)O systems were determined by freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological measurements to consist of unilamellar, multilamellar, and oligovesicular vesicles. The coordination between C(14)DMAO and Ba(OA)(2) or Ca(OA)(2) plays an important role in the formation of the vesicles, which was easily confirmed by studying the phase behavior of the KOA/C(14)DMAO/H(2)O system in which only the L(1) phase forms, due to the absence of coordination between KOA and C(14)DMAO. A mechanism is proposed that accounts for the formation of these new metal-ligand coordinated vesicles.

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Biomedicine in the environment: Cyclotides constitute potent natural toxins in plants and soil bacteria

Ovesen¹,

Brandt

Göransson

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Bioactive compounds produced by plants are easily transferred to soil and water and may cause adverse ecosystem effects. Cyclotides are gene-encoded, circular, cystine-rich mini-proteins produced in Violaceae and Rubiaceae in high amounts. Based on their biological activity and stability, cyclotides have promising pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. We report the toxicity of the cyclotides: kalata B1, kalata B2, and cycloviolacin O2 extracted from plants to green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), duckweed (Lemna minor L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and bacteria extracted from soil measured as [³H]leucine incorporation. Quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated up to 98% loss of cyclotides from aqueous solutions because of sorption to test vials. Sorption was prevented by adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the aqueous media. Cyclotides were toxic to all test organisms with EC50 values of 12 through 140 µM (algae), 9 through 40 µM (duckweed), 4 through 54 µM (lettuce), and 7 through 26 µM (bacteria). Cycloviolacin O2 was the most potent cyclotide in all assays examined. This report is the first to document toxic effects of cyclotides in plants and soil bacteria and to demonstrate that cyclotides are as toxic as commonly used herbicides and biocides. Hence, cyclotides may adversely affect soil and aquatic environments, which needs to be taken into account in future risk assessment of cropping systems for production of these highly bioactive compounds.

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Release of the recombinant proteins, human serum albumin, β-glucuronidase, glycoprotein B from human cytomegalovirus, and green fluorescent protein, in root exudates from transgenic tobacco and their effects on microbes and enzymatic activities in soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Ca²⁺– and Ba²⁺–Ligand Coordinated Unilamellar, Multilamellar, and Oligovesicular Vesicles

Biomedicine in the environment: Cyclotides constitute potent natural toxins in plants and soil bacteria

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Release of the recombinant proteins, human serum albumin, β-glucuronidase, glycoprotein B from human cytomegalovirus, and green fluorescent protein, in root exudates from transgenic tobacco and their effects on microbes and enzymatic activities in soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Ca2+– and Ba2+–Ligand Coordinated Unilamellar, Multilamellar, and Oligovesicular Vesicles

Biomedicine in the environment: Cyclotides constitute potent natural toxins in plants and soil bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ca²⁺– and Ba²⁺–Ligand Coordinated Unilamellar, Multilamellar, and Oligovesicular Vesicles