“…However, despite their critical importance, maintaining these systems effectively remains a formidable challenge (Salim & Negara, 2018). Historically, Nigeria has struggled with prioritising the construction phase of projects over their long-term maintenance, as highlighted in recent research (Adelakun et al, 2022). This approach has perpetuated a cycle of neglect, where infrastructure assets rapidly deteriorate due to insufficient attention to upkeep, echoing findings in the literature (Alshboul et al, 2023;Argyroudis et al, 2019).…”