This study confirms that a single second-order factor is associated with the delivery of high-quality library services in a research university envi ronment. However, a hierarchical factor analysis also demonstrated that research library users simultaneously think about library quality at mul tiple levels. The LibQUAL+ diagnostic tool, a product of the ARL's New Measures Initiative, shows that although a single factor dominates user thinking about library service quality, all of the items used in the survey suffuse this factor. Nevertheless, several first-order factors contribute important unique information to the notion of service quality. As different types of users place varying degrees of importance on the first-order factors, the utility of the hierarchical model is demonstrated.n the history of many profesbaseball parlance. BA and ERA suffice as sions, careful research and rigmeasures of excellence in the sport. orous design have producedHuman health also has its overarching standards of measurement that higher-order measures. Since Stephen permit specialist and layman alike to achieve a perspective on performance. In baseball, the most statistically driven of all professional sports, batting average (BA) and earned run average (ERA) pro vide a benchmarking overview on all bat ters and pitchers in the history of the game. A .400 batting average is extraor dinary; a career ERA below 2.00 will cer tainly earn the achiever a niche in the Hall of Fame. And although underlying vari ables contribute to performance measures (bat speed, perhaps, and pitch velocity), those factors are not part of the common Hale's publication in 1733, blood pressure measurement has been a fundamental in dicator of human health. Although meth ods have improved in the aftermath of Hale's rather invasive methods of mea surement, pressure scores expressed as millimeters of mercury have become rec ognizable standards. A score of 120/70 expresses a desirable human condition the world over. Conversely, a score of 190/100 would be a measurement of considerable concern, although the search for causal factors could span a broad spectrum of possible contributors.
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