Reliability and validity of the Korean standard pattern identification for stroke (K-SPI-Stroke) questionnaire

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the ‘Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke (K-SPI-Stroke)’, which was developed and evaluated within the context of traditional Korean medicine (TKM).MethodsBetween September 2006 and December 2010, 2,905 patients from 11 Korean medical hospitals were asked to complete the K-SPI-Stroke questionnaire as a part of project ' Fundamental study for the standardization and objectification of pattern identification in traditional Korean medicine for stroke (SOPI-Stroke). Each patient was independently diagnosed by two TKM physicians from the same site according to one of four patterns, as suggested by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine: 1) a Qi deficiency pattern, 2) a Dampness-phlegm pattern, 3) a Yin deficiency pattern, or 4) a Fire-heat pattern. We estimated the internal consistency using Cronbach’s α coefficient, the discriminant validity using the means score of patterns, and the predictive validity using the classification accuracy of the K-SPI-Stroke questionnaire.ResultsThe K-SPI-Stroke questionnaire had satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.700) and validity, with significant differences in the mean of scores among the four patterns. The overall classification accuracy of this questionnaire was 65.2 %.ConclusionThese results suggest that the K-SPI-Stroke questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for estimating the severity of the four patterns.

Association of the UCP-1 single nucleotide polymorphism A-3826G with the dampness-phlegm pattern among Korean stroke patients

“…Two of these SNPs are located in the UCP-1 promoter region, and the other SNP is located in exon 2. All of the studied SNPs satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05) according to the International HapMap Project [17]. The LD coefficients between the 3 SNPs are shown in Figure 1(B).…”

“…In order to minimize the regional bias, the subjects were recruited from 10 Oriental Medical Hospitals from 2006 to 2010, including from Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Hospital (Houeugi, Koduk in Seoul), Dae-Jeon University Oriental Medical Hospital, Wonk-Kang Oriental Medical Hospital (Jeonju, Iksan), Dong-Guk Oriental Medical Hospital (Ilsan), Kyung-Won Oriental Medical Hospital (Seoul), Dong-Sin Oriental Medical Hospital (Kwangju, Sunchon), and Sang-Ji Oriental Medical Hospital. The classification on 583 DP and 1,010 non-DP group (FH, QD, YD and BS) was performed by two TKM doctors using the Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke (K-SPI-Stroke) [17]. Patients participated in this study were diagnosed as cerebral infarction by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.…”

Metabolic Profiles Distinguish Non-Dampness-Phlegm and Dampness-Phlegm Patterns among Korean Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

“…These complexities of sign and symptoms complicate PI diagnosis and may cause diagnostic error between TKM doctors. Previous studies reported that concordance rates between two expert TKM doctors about PI diagnosis for stroke, pulse, or tongue diagnosis were 70–90%, which means that the diagnostic error may always be implied [29–31]. For these reasons, reliable biomarkers for more accurate diagnosis of PI are needed.…”

Identifying Chinese Medicine patterns of Tension-type Headache (TTH) and its implication on understanding TTH subgroups

“…Nevertheless, studies have shown that it is possible to standardise and validate patterns using objective methods and evidence-based approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Cluster analysis, a multivariate statistical method is commonly used to identify homogeneous subgroups and has been recognised as a suitable technique for identifying CM patterns of diseases [15][16][17].…”