Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CARE Measure in a primary care setting in Hong Kong

Fung, Colman Siu Cheung; Hua, Angela; Tam, Luen-Fai; Mercer, Stewart W

doi:10.1093/fampra/cmp044

Cited by 54 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Factor analysis of the Chinese CARE has supported a single domain solution with a high factor loading, and construct validity has been demonstrated using the association between Chinese CARE scores and patient enablement and satisfaction. 7,8 The Chinese CARE consists of 10 items with response options ranging from poor to excellent (scored on a 5-point Likert scale), yielding a maximum score of 50 points. A “not applicable” option was included for each question.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the full questionnaire, please contact the developers of Chinese CARE. 7 Up to 2 “not applicable” responses or missing values were considered acceptable, and values for these were imputed by an expectation-maximization algorithm. Questionnaires with ≥3 “not applicable” responses or missing values were excluded from the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original Chinese CARE development specified that the questionnaire was constructed as a continuous scale. 7,8 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The Chinese version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (Chinese CARE) is a validated instrument for measuring patients’ perceived empathy. 7,8 The content of the Chinese CARE questionnaire was highly relevant to Chinese patients’ expectations of primary care. 6 It has demonstrated good psychometric properties for evaluating patients’ perceived empathy during consultation with conventional clinicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 It has demonstrated good psychometric properties for evaluating patients’ perceived empathy during consultation with conventional clinicians. 7,8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patient Perceptions of Expression of Empathy From Chinese Medicine Clinicians in a Chinese Population

Chung

Yip

et al. 2016

Medicine

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This study aims to examine the level of empathy perceived by patients receiving care from herbalists, acupuncturists and massage therapists and to investigate the factors that influence levels of perceived empathy.Participants who were 18 years or above; able to provide written informed consent; and able to read and write in Chinese without assistance were included. A total of 514 participants sampled from charity and semipublic Chinese medicine (CM) clinics in Hong Kong were recruited to assess levels of empathy perceived during various length of consultations (1–20 minutes) by the Chinese Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (Chinese CARE). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations between perceived levels of empathy and the type of CM practitioner consulted and participants’ demographic and health characteristics.The average Chinese CARE total score for participants consulting CM practitioners was 34.3 of a maximum of 50. After adjusting for participants’ health and demographic characteristics, acupuncturists received the highest ratings (P < 0.001), whereas massage therapists (P < 0.001) scored the lowest of the 3 modalities. Participants receiving social benefits (P = 0.013), those with longer waiting times (P = 0.002), and those with shorter consultation durations (P = 0.020) scored significantly lower on the Chinese CARE.The level of empathy perceived by participants using CM was similar to results found for those in conventional care, in contrast to findings in other geographical settings, where a high level of perceived empathy was a major motivator for participants to choose complementary medicine.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original Chinese CARE development specified that the questionnaire was constructed as a continuous scale. 7,8 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 It has demonstrated good psychometric properties for evaluating patients’ perceived empathy during consultation with conventional clinicians. 7,8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Patient Perceptions of Expression of Empathy From Chinese Medicine Clinicians in a Chinese Population

Chung

Yip

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Five Golden Rings to Measure Patient‐Centered Care in Rheumatology

Décary

Toupin‐April

Barton

2020

Arthritis Care & Research

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Impact of perceived weight stigma among underserved women on doctor–patient relationships

Ferrante

Seaman

Bator

et al. 2016

Obesity Science & Practice

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SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate how perception of weight stigma among underserved women with obesity impacts doctor–patient relationships.MethodsThis study consisted of an interviewer‐administered survey of 149 women with obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg m−2) immediately after their physician visit at four Federally Qualified Health Centers. Perceptions of weight stigma and physician empathy were measured using the Stigma Situations in Health Care instrument and Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure, respectively. Associations of CARE and Stigma scores with BMI and patient characteristics were analysed using Mantel–Haenszel chi‐squared test and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsThe mean CARE score was 42.1 (standard deviation 8.4; range 11.0–50.0), and mean stigma score was 4.6 (standard deviation 7.6; range 0–43.0). Each increase in BMI category was associated with almost twofold increased odds of higher perception of stigma (odds ratio, 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.30–2.78, P = 0.001). BMI was not associated with CARE. However, for each increase in stigma category, the odds of lower CARE score doubled (odds ratio, 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.75, P = 0.0005).ConclusionsWhile BMI was not associated with perception of physician empathy, higher frequency of weight stigmatizing situations was negatively associated with perception of physician empathy. Reducing weight stigma in primary care could improve doctor–patient relationships and quality of care in patients with obesity.

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Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CARE Measure in a primary care setting in Hong Kong

Abstract: These preliminary data support the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CARE Measure in primary care in Hong Kong.

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Patient Perceptions of Expression of Empathy From Chinese Medicine Clinicians in a Chinese Population

Patient Perceptions of Expression of Empathy From Chinese Medicine Clinicians in a Chinese Population

Five Golden Rings to Measure Patient‐Centered Care in Rheumatology

Impact of perceived weight stigma among underserved women on doctor–patient relationships

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