These preliminary data support the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CARE Measure in primary care in Hong Kong.

Background Drug overdose is the leading cause of injury related fatality in the United States, and respiratory failure remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. Objectives We aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for endotracheal intubation following acute drug overdose. Methods This secondary data analysis was performed on a 5-year prospective cohort at two urban tertiary-care hospitals. The present study analyzed adult patients with suspected acute drug overdose to derive independent clinical predictors of endotracheal intubation. Results We analyzed 2,497 patients with acute drug overdose, of whom 87 (3.5%) underwent endotracheal intubation. Independent clinical risk factors for endotracheal intubation were: younger age (OR 0.97, CI 0.96-0.98), and history of obstructive lung disease (OR 6.6, CI 3.5-12.3); however, heart failure had no association. Patients with obstructive lung disease had significantly more hypercapnea (mean difference 6.8mmHg, CI 2.3-11.3) and a higher degree of acidemia (mean pH difference 0.04, CI 0.01-0.07) than patients without obstructive lung disease. Lack of rapid sequence sedative/paralytic was associated with in-hospital fatality. Early complications of endotracheal intubation itself included desaturation (3.4%) and bradycardia (1%). Conclusions Endotracheal intubation was infrequently performed on patients with acute drug overdose, and complications were rare when performed. Risk factors associated with endotracheal intubation included younger age and prior obstructive lung disease.

Purpose: Cervical traumas are frequent in emergency department and X-ray, CT, and MRI are the essential imaging modalities in the diagnosis. However, especially for pregnant and morbid obese patients and children, these techniques can be challenging. We tested the success of point-of-care ultrasound in the evaluation of cervical traumas. Methods: This is a case series of cervical vertebra imaging with ultrasound in emergency department. We used linear probe and placed it anterolaterally to the neck, parallel to cervical spine. Images were obtained by an ultrasound-certified emergency physician. The height of the anterior wall of vertebral body, irregularity in vertebral body, and intervertebral space were assessed. Results: We presented a case series of six patients. Ultrasound images of cervical vertebral bodies and intervertebral spaces were able to obtain for all the patients. Any pathology was not observed in ultrasound imaging. This finding was compatible with cervical X-ray and CT scans and all the patients were discharged. Conclusions: However, this is a case series report of minor cervical trauma, and we were able to obtain ultrasound images of cervical vertebra bodies with point-of-care ultrasound examination by an emergency physician. This technique can be important for the patients contraindicated to CT or MRI. Also, it can give additional information to X-ray and CT scans especially for soft tissues. A2 A new technique in verifying the placement of a nasogastric tube: obtaining the longitudinal view of nasogastric tube in addition to transverse view with ultrasound