Reliability and validity of the Farsi version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with Iranian psychiatric outpatients

Dadfar, Mahboubeh; Kalibatseva, Zornitsa; Lester, David

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0116

Cited by 91 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…We demonstrate that the Tibetan PHQ-9 has acceptable reliability and holds promise as a clinical instrument. Our exploratory factor analysis indicates that the Tibetan PHQ-9 has a single factor structure, as is consistent with many previous studies (22)(23)(24)(25) While other studies have supported a two-factor model, corresponding to somatic (e.g. sleep, appetite, and fatigue items) and non-somatic or affective symptoms (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Neither was there a signi cant difference between the monks and nuns (U = 3185, p = 0.20). Using diagnostic criteria from previous reports, 244 (58.3%) monastics were in the minimal severity range (0-4), 119 (31.0%) in the mild severity range (5-9), 34 (8.90%) in the moderate severity range (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), 6 (1.60%) in the moderately severe range (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and 1 (0.30%) in the severe range (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate construct validity, we conducted a factor analysis to evaluate whether a single factor model could be generated for the 9 items of the Tibetan PHQ-9, as has been reported in previous studies (e.g. (22)(23)(24)(25)), or whether a two-or three-factor model was a better t. First, we assessed whether the data were suitable for conducting a factor analysis and found that it was appropriate to proceed (Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < 0.001), and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy = 0.83). Next, we conducted a principal component analysis, excluding cases listwise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of depression symptoms among Tibetan Buddhist monastic science scholars in India

Mascaro

Shellman

Samphel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Depression is the largest contributing factor to global disability, and the translation and validation of depression screening instruments is vital toward understanding the prevalence of depression symptoms around the world. The aim of this study was to translate a widely used depression screening instrument, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), for use with Tibetan populations, and to explore the prevalence of depression symptoms in a population of Tibetan-speaking Buddhist monastic science scholars. Methods A total of 384 monastics (363 monks, 21 nuns) completed the Tibetan PHQ-9. We computed measures of internal consistency and conducted factor analysis to evaluate scale performance, and describe the prevalence of depression symptoms among the monastic population and subgroups. Results The Tibetan PHQ-9 had acceptable reliability and demonstrated a single-factor structure. While having low energy was the most commonly endorsed symptom, monastics did not have overall higher rates of other somatic symptoms. Over 10% of the monastics scored in the moderately severe to severe range, using standard diagnostic criteria cut-offs. First year monks had the highest mean score, and there was not a significant difference between monks and nuns. Conclusion These preliminary findings indicate that the Tibetan PHQ-9 is a reliable instrument for exploring and assessing depression symptoms and that it will be useful toward examining how symptoms are experience, interpreted, and communicated among Buddhist monastics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of depression symptoms among Tibetan Buddhist monastic science scholars in India

Mascaro

Shellman

Samphel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In order to measure depression symptoms, the Persian version of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used since its validity and reliability were proved in previous studies. It is considered as a multipurpose screening tool for monitoring, diagnosing and determining the severity of depression (Ardestani, Ashtiani, Rezaei, Vasegh, & Gudarzi, 2019;Dadfar, Kalibatseva, Lester, & psychotherapy, 2018). Nine questions were designed for evaluating the depression status of the participants with answers consisting of "Never", "Some days", "Most of the time" and "Always".…”

Section: Depression Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mental Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Population-Based Survey in Iran

Shahriarirad

Erfani

Ranjbar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: Disease outbreak not only carries the risk of death to the public due to the infection, it also endures an unbearable psychological impact on the mental health of the individuals. This study aims to explore and evaluate the burden of psychological problems on the Iranian general population during the outbreak of COVID-19.Method: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the general population of Iran age 15 and above. Demographic variables, depression, and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaires.Results: Among the 8591 participants, the mean age was 34.37 (±11.25) years and 66.4% were female while 33.6% were male. Based on our results, 1295 (15.07%) and 1733 (20.17%) of the general population had depression and anxiety respectively. Based on the demographic variables, Among the risk factors for both anxiety and depression, one could name female gender, whereas getting information about the disease from medical journals and articles, being older and being married were considered as protective factors. In terms of depression, being a non-healthcare worker was a risk factor. On the other hand, for anxiety, having higher education was a protective factor while a higher number of individuals in a household was considered as a risk factor.Conclusions: This study identified a major mental health problem in the Iranian population during the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, establishing a targeted mental health support program during the time of public emergencies, such as the disease outbreak, is advised.

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“…Parkinson's disease [38][39][40][41][42][43] • Chilean adolescents [44] • Primary care in South Africa [45] • Iranian psychiatric outpatients [46] • Korean American elderly [47] • Nepal, with added idioms of distress [48] • MSM* in Haiti [49] • Germans and Turkish immigrants in Germany [50] • Pregnant women [51] • Polish hospitalized elderly [52] • Administered through interactive voice technology [53] • Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Malawi and The Netherlands [54,55] • Employees on sick leave [56] • Pregnant women in Ethiopia [57] • Chinese Americans in primary care [58] • General population in Hong Kong [59] • Chinese [60] • Korean [61] • Malayalam [62] • Portuguese [63] • Polish [52] • Latvian and Russian [64] • Afaan Oromo [57] • Japanese [65] PTSD tools CPSS N/A…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

Moore

Loenhout

Almeida

et al. 2020

Global Health Action

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Background: The effects of disasters and conflicts are widespread and heavily studied. While attention to disasters' impacts on mental health is growing, mental health effects are not well understood due to inconsistencies in measurement. Objective: The purpose of this study is to review mental health assessment tools and their use in populations affected by disasters and conflicts. Method: Tools that assess posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder, and general mental health were examined. This review began with a search for assessment tools in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Next, validation studies for the tools were obtained through snowball sampling. A final search was conducted for scientific studies using the selected tools in humanitarian settings to collect the data for analysis. The benefits and limitations described for each tool were compiled into a complete table. Results: Twelve assessment tools were included, with 88 studies using them. The primary findings indicate that half of the studies used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The most common limitation discussed is that self-report tools inaccurately estimate the prevalence of mental health problems. This inaccuracy is further exacerbated by a lack of cultural appropriateness of the tools, as many are developed for Western contexts. Conclusion: It is recommended that researchers and humanitarian workers reflect on the effectiveness of the mental health assessment tool they use to accurately represent the populations under study in emergency settings. In addition, mental health assessment should be coupled with action.

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Reliability and validity of the Farsi version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with Iranian psychiatric outpatients

Cited by 91 publications

References 75 publications

Prevalence of depression symptoms among Tibetan Buddhist monastic science scholars in India

Prevalence of depression symptoms among Tibetan Buddhist monastic science scholars in India

The Mental Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Population-Based Survey in Iran

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

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