Reliability Investigation of a Carbon Nanotube Array Thermal Interface Material

Nylander, Andreas; Hansson, Josef; Samani, Majid Kabiri; Darmawan, Christian Chandra; Boyon, Ana Borta; Divay, Laurent; Ye, Lilei; Fu, Ying; Ziaei, A.; Liu, Johan

doi:10.3390/en12112080

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The coating technique that cover on top of VACNT before complete the TIMs assembly has gained attention from other researchers when dealing with VACNT and found that the coating will help on reducing thermal contact resistance, increasing surface contact between VACNT and heat sink, and maintaining the optimum thermal conductivity . In addition, the reliability of the thermal performance of TIMs is an important factor to be considered.…”

Section: Carbon Allotrope Materials In Tims Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the reliability of the thermal performance of TIMs is an important factor to be considered. Nylander et al observed the thermal resistance within 100 cycles, where thermal performance was degraded. During the cycle repetition, the degradation involves CNT and catalyst substrate for few times with observed temperature.…”

Section: Carbon Allotrope Materials In Tims Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the cycle repetition, the degradation involves CNT and catalyst substrate for few times with observed temperature. Therefore, reliability is important for the sustainable application of TIMs in microelectronic devices and its increased lifetime . Table lists current works on CNT‐based TIMs.…”

Section: Carbon Allotrope Materials In Tims Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81 The coating technique that cover on top of VACNT before complete the TIMs assembly has gained attention from other researchers when dealing with VACNT and found that the coating will help on reducing thermal contact resistance, increasing surface contact between VACNT and heat sink, and maintaining the optimum thermal conductivity. 80,[88][89][90] In addition, the reliability of the thermal performance of TIMs is an F I G U R E 6 SEM image of VACNT using PE-CVD 4,83 SEM, scanning electron microscopy; PE-CVD, plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition; VACNT, vertically aligned carbon nanotube important factor to be considered. Nylander et al 89 observed the thermal resistance within 100 cycles, where thermal performance was degraded.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…80,[88][89][90] In addition, the reliability of the thermal performance of TIMs is an F I G U R E 6 SEM image of VACNT using PE-CVD 4,83 SEM, scanning electron microscopy; PE-CVD, plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition; VACNT, vertically aligned carbon nanotube important factor to be considered. Nylander et al 89 observed the thermal resistance within 100 cycles, where thermal performance was degraded. During the cycle repetition, the degradation involves CNT and catalyst substrate for few times with observed temperature.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

2019

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Summary The performance of allotrope carbon materials has been explored because of their superior properties in energy system applications. This review provides an understanding of the current work focusing on the applications of selected carbon materials in important energy systems, focus on thermal interface materials (TIMs), and fuel cell applications. This article begins with the introduction of TIMs and fuel cell in general working principle and presents details on carbon materials. The discussion focuses on updates from the latest research work and addresses current challenges and opportunities for research toward TIMs and fuel cell applications. The optimum performance of TIMs was seen when thermal conductivity achieved at a maximum of 3000 W (m K)−1 by using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a minimum internal thermal resistance of 0.3 mm2 K W−1. Meanwhile for fuel cell, the platinum/CNTs catalyst applied proton exchange membrane fuel cell achieved high power density of 661 mW cm−2 in the presence of Nafion electrolyte membrane. This review provides insights for scientists about the use of carbon materials, especially in energy system applications.

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Section: Carbon Allotrope Materials In Tims Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Allotrope Materials In Tims Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Allotrope Materials In Tims Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

2019

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Vertical Array of Graphite Oxide Liquid Crystal by Microwire Shearing for Highly Thermally Conductive Composites

Cao

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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10 W m −1 K −1 even at a high filler content (≈50 vol%). [3] Modulating vertical orientation of anisotropic nanofillers is a pronounced way for high throughplane thermal conductive composites. 2D nanosheets, such as graphene oxide and multilayer graphene, have been used as building blocks to form structurally anisotropic skeletons. [4] The highest throughplane thermal conductivity of such TIMs reaches 62.4 W m −1 K −1 with a graphene loading of 13.3 vol%. [5] However, achieving the higher through-plane thermal conductivity of TIMs under low filler contents remains challenging.Achieving high thermal conductivity of TIMs request high crystallite orientation, large crystallite size, and high density of skeleton. [6] Such perfect crystalline pathway of skeleton ensures high thermal conductivity of composites. [7] As a result, accurate control of vertical sheet alignment, high sheet content, and lower interface phonon scattering are three indispensable factors for producing advanced TIMs. 2D nanosheets typically have lateral dimensions less than 50 µm and a few atomic layer thicknesses. [8] The atom-thin and small-sized sheets render discontinuous crystalline domains and massive polymer/sheet interfaces when oriented vertically. In addition, the content of nanosheet liquid crystals is commonly below 30 mg g −1 because of strong steric and electrostatic repulsion. Low content of liquid crystals causes limited heat flux of skeleton, which rules out highly thermally conductive composites. Compared with colloidal nanosheets, giant sheets typically have much larger lateral dimensions of hundreds of microns and thicknesses of microns. [9] Selecting giant sheets as building blocks is promising, which provides a Excellent through-plane thermally conductive composites are highly demanded for efficient heat dissipation. Giant sheets have large crystalline domain and significantly reduce interface phonon scattering, making them promising to build highly thermally conductive composites. However, realizing vertical orientation of giant sheets remains challenging due to their enormous mass and huge hydrodynamic drag force. Here, we achieve highly vertically ordered liquid crystals of giant graphite oxide (more than 100 µm in lateral dimension) by microwire shearing, which endows the composite with a recorded through-plane thermal conductivity of 94 W m −1 K −1 . Microscale shearing fields induced by vertical motion of microwires conquer huge hydrodynamic energy barrier and vertically reorient giant sheets. The resulting liquid crystals exhibit extremely retarded relaxation and impart large-scale vertical array with bidirectional ordering degree as high as 0.82. The graphite array-based composites demonstrate an ultrahigh thermal enhancement efficiency of over 35 times per unit volume. Furthermore, the composites improve cooling efficiency by 93% for thermal management tests compared to commercial thermal interface materials. This work offers a novel methodology to precisely manipulate the orientation of giant particles and promo...

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Enhancement of thermal interface material properties using carbon nanotubes through simple electrophoretic deposition method

Bahru

Mohamed

2020

Int J Energy Res

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The industrial revolution development of electronic technologies has turned the electronic system into a complicated integration of high-power density and smart design. The complex integrated design has contributed to the excessive heat generation in electronic devices. Consequently, heat management devices have become crucial in prolonging the lives of devices and components and maintaining their optimal performance. Therefore, the passive heat management treatment through thermal interface materials (TIMs) in the devices is among the best options to remove heat from electronic devices. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high-thermal conductivity was employed in this study for TIM development by using the simple electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The CNTs were synthesized and purified before TIM development. Several analyses, including transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared, were conducted. Analysis results showed that only 0.03 wt% was retained and carbon content increased up to 97.84% after purification. The purified CNTs were dissolved in a suspension medium with a ratio of 0.5 mg/mL to achieve suspension stability, and a Zetasizer was used for verification. The following three operating parameters of EPD were investigated: (a) range of applied voltage (100-200 V), (b) deposition time (1-20 min), and (c) gap between electrodes (10-20 mm). On the basis of the characterization results, the optimum process condition of EPD was achieved at 175 V, 10 minutes, and 10 mm with 1.6 mg of CNT deposition and 14.14 μm of CNT thickness. The maximum thickness of deposited CNTs was 56.95 μm, producing 27.08 W/mÁK and 2.09 mm 2 /s of thermal conductivity and diffusivity, respectively. These results indicate the high potential of CNTs in facilitating efficient heat removal in TIM fabrication. K E Y W O R D Scarbon nanotubes, electrophoretic deposition, heat spreader, thermal interface materials

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Reliability Investigation of a Carbon Nanotube Array Thermal Interface Material

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

Vertical Array of Graphite Oxide Liquid Crystal by Microwire Shearing for Highly Thermally Conductive Composites

Enhancement of thermal interface material properties using carbon nanotubes through simple electrophoretic deposition method

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