Reliability modelling and sensitivity analysis of IoT based flood alerting system

Abstract

<jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this work is to develop a prototype of flood alerting system (FAS) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to save the lives and property by alerting the people about flood. The proposed system can permit detection and evaluation of threating events to take place before it hits a network or community.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>Connecting water bodies or water channels to the cities is a sign of development and growth, but sometimes when these connected water channels gets overfilled due to some reasons then they can create horrendous situation, one of such situations is flood. Hence, there is a need to find a way, in order to alert when there will be flood-related conditions and to predict if there are any such conditions in near future. In this work, a model based on FAS, that can alert when flood-related conditions are there, is proposed. Mathematical modelling of the model is done through the Markov process to obtain the state transition probabilities, and these probabilities are solved by Laplace transformation. The performance of the proposed system is affected by good or bad working of its components. Thus, the performance characteristics are expected in terms of component failure rates. Failure and repair rate of FAS's components follow exponential and general distribution.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>Using the proposed Markov model, performance characteristics of the model like availability, reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), profit and sensitivity have been calculated and explored by taking numerical illustration. Graphical representation of performance characteristics is done to make the results more understandable.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>This work presents a Markov process-based reliability model of FAS, which provides the information about failures and working of the system's components. Also, it provides information about components and failures which majorly affect the system reliability.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Sensors on the Internet of Things Systems for Urban Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review

“…People develop flood detection systems based on more considerations such as rainfall [40][41][42][61][62][63][64], water level [40,43,44,46,47,62,63,[65][66][67][68], water pressure [41,44,45,47,50,69], soil moisture [42], solar radiation [42], vapor pressure [42], relative humidity [42], humidity [42], temperature [42,61,62,70], air pressure [42,62], wind speed [42,61], wind gust [42], wind direction [42], tilt [42], lighting [42], lighting average distance [42], the flow velocity [42,62]. Moreover, Ragnoli et al [50] also used GSM to detect locations in their flood monitoring systems.…”

“…We usually collect rainfall data using rain gauges [40,41], such as double-tipping buckets [40]. We usually measure water level with water level sensors, such as radar level sensors [40,65], ultrasonic sensors [42,47,65,68,70], and force-sensitive resistors [47]. Ultrasonic sensors include MaxBotix MB7066 [70], HC-SR04 [68], and so on.…”

“…We usually measure water level with water level sensors, such as radar level sensors [40,65], ultrasonic sensors [42,47,65,68,70], and force-sensitive resistors [47]. Ultrasonic sensors include MaxBotix MB7066 [70], HC-SR04 [68], and so on. A method to measure water level is to measure water pressure and convert that data into water level [45,64,69].…”

Combining Markov and Semi-Markov Modelling for Assessing Availability and Cybersecurity of Cloud and IoT Systems

“…The analyzed references considering Markov modelling for assessing the availability and cybersecurity of cloud and IoT systems can be divided into three groups: the references related to assessing availability and reliability [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], the references related to assessing cybersecurity [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], and references related to assessing both availability and cybersecurity as attributes of dependability of cloud and IoT systems [40][41][42][43].…”

“…These models were developed for each subsystem of the vehicular system, and they were combined for evaluating the availability of the complete system. Authors of [19] presented a Markov process-based reliability model of a flood alerting system (FAS) based on the IoT. The model utilization allowed calculating the reliability and availability functions, as well as the mean time to failure of the FAS and its components.…”