Reliability of 3-m Backward Walk Test in Patients with Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Ünver, Bayram; Sevik, K.; Yarar, Hacı Ahmet; Ünver, Fatma; Karatosun, Vasfi

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1681099

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Advances in technology have allowed the incorporation of sensor-based systems to provide standardized clinical data to help the design of tailored interventions 15 . The available studies on patients with TKR have focused on designing balance-oriented interventions; 9 , 16 – 18 describing patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics 19 , 20 ; identifying risk factors; 21 – 23 developing and validating clinical tests to assess fall risk; 24 – 26 and characterizing the biomechanics of postural control strategies to recognize potential fallers 27 , 28 . Some studies have also paid attention to characterizing patients and circumstances surrounding fall events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Blasco

Pérez-Maletzki

Díaz-Díaz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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To propose a fall-classification framework for patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR). In addition, we reinforced the available evidence on fall incidence and circumstances and compared the characteristics of fallers versus. nonfallers. Retrospective and prospective data were collected from 253 subjects with severe knee osteoarthritis who were waiting for primary TKR. Falls were classified considering the location of the destabilizing force, source of destabilization and fall precipitating factor. Fall incidence and circumstances were described; the characteristics of fallers and nonfallers in terms of functional and balance performance were compared with F-tests (95% CI). The fall incidence before surgery was 40.3% (95% CI 34.2% to 46.6%). This figure decreased to 13.1% (95% CI 9.2% to 18.0%) and to 23.4% (95% CI 17.8% to 29.6%) at 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Most falls were caused by destabilizations in the base of support (n = 102, 72%) and were due to extrinsic factors (n = 78, 76%) and trip patterns. Significant differences between fallers and nonfallers were found in knee extensor strength and monopodal stability in the surgical limb (p < 0.05). Falls are prevalent in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. Symptoms and functional performance improve after surgery, and fall incidence is reduced. Most fall events originate from disruptions in the base of support and are precipitated by extrinsic factors, generally trips during walking activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Blasco

Pérez-Maletzki

Díaz-Díaz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The reliability of walking tests was reported in 10 “adequate” quality studies 19,20,27–29,35–39 and three “doubtful” quality studies. 25,40,41 “Sufficient” result ratings were reported in 2-min fast-paced walk test (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.97), 28 walk 40 m fast-paced (ICC 0.85–0.98), 20,35,36 walk 4 m fast-paced (ICC 0.84–0.93), 25 30 min fast-paced walk (ICC 0.97), 27 3-m backward walking at fast speed (ICC 0.94), 37 walk 13 m self-paced (ICC 0.80–0.98), 38,39 walk 4 m self-paced (ICC 0.79–0.87), 25 2 min step test (ICC 0.94–0.97), 29 and 2 min normal-paced walk test (ICC 0.98). 19 For CSTs, “sufficient” ratings were reported for test–retest reliability on chair-rise over 30 s (ICC 0.87–0.98), 20,35,36 TUG (ICC 0.98) 28 in four “adequate” studies, and L test in one “adequate” study (ICC 0.99), 42 and for inter/intrarater reliability on GUG (ICC 0.95–0.98) 43 in one “doubtful” quality study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of walking tests was reported in 10 "adequate" quality studies 19,20,[27][28][29][35][36][37][38][39] and three "doubtful" quality studies. 25,40,41 "Sufficient" result ratings were reported in 2-min fast-paced walk test (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.97), 28 walk 40 m fast-paced (ICC 0.85-0.98), 20,35,36 walk 4 m fast-paced (ICC 0.84-0.93), 25 30 min fast-paced walk (ICC 0.97), 27 3-m backward walking at fast speed (ICC 0.94), 37 walk 13 m self-paced (ICC 0.80-0.98), 38,39 walk 4 m self-paced (ICC 0.79-0.87), 25 2 min step test (ICC 0.94-0.97), 29 and 2 min normal-paced walk test (ICC 0.98). 19 For CSTs, "sufficient" ratings were reported for testretest reliability on chair-rise over 30 s (ICC 0.87-0.98), 20,35,36 TUG (ICC 0.98) 28 in four "adequate" No hypothesis defined (by the review team)…”

Section: Measurement Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Clin Rehabil

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Objective To systematically review the measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched in May 2022. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Clinical trials on the psychometric properties of performance-based tools for measuring physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis were included. Two reviewers independently rated measurement properties using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). “Best evidence synthesis” was made using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments outcomes and the quality of findings. Results Thirty-six out of 3425 publications were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-two performance-based measures were evaluated including 26 single-activity measures and 6 multi-activity measures. Measurement properties evaluated included internal consistency (2 measures), reliability (23 measures), measurement error (20 measures), hypotheses testing for construct validity (22 measures), and responsiveness (23 measures). On balance of the limited evidence, the walk 40 m fast-paced test and 6-minute walking test were the best rated walking tests. The 30-second chair stand test and timed up and go test were the best rated sit-to-stand tests. The Performance Tests Measures and Physical Activity Restrictions may be the suitable multi-activity measures for knee osteoarthritis. Conclusions Further good quality research investigating the measurement properties, and in particular, the measurement error of performance-based measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis is needed.

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“…The excellent test-retest reliability of the BWT found in this study (ICC = 0.96) is consistent with the findings in a previous study on older adults who had undergone knee surgery (ICC = 0.94). 2 This study is the first to examine the interrater reliability of the BWT in any population. The high reliability might be attributable to the use of the standardized protocol of the BWT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong test-retest reliability of the BWT has been previously reported in people with total knee arthroplasty-intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.97. 2 We expected that a sample size of 30 would be required to achieve 90% power at a confidence level of 0.05 to detect a strong reliability (ICC ≥ 0.90). Anticipating a 20% dropout rate, this study aimed to recruit 38 participants.…”

Section: Sample Size Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability, Validity, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Backward Walk Test in Older Adults With Dementia

Chan

Cheung

Lee

et al. 2021

Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy

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Background and Purpose: The backward walk test (BWT) has been used to evaluate the balance, gait, and fall risk for older adults, but its psychometric properties in older adults with dementia have not been investigated. This study aims to examine the test-retest and interrater reliability, construct and known-group validity, and absolute and relative minimal detectable changes at the 95% level of confidence (MDC95) of the BWT in older adults with dementia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with repeated measures. Thirty older adults with a mean age of 83.3 years and a diagnosis of dementia who were able to walk backward independently for at least 3 m were recruited from day care and residential care units. The BWT was conducted on 3 separate testing occasions within 2 weeks under 2 independent raters using a modified progressive cueing system. The 10-m walk test (10MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were used to assess the gait, balance, and mobility performances of the participants. Results and Discussion: The BWT had excellent test-retest reliability—intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96—and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.97-0.97) in the participants. Moderate correlations between the BWT and BBS (Spearman's ρ = 0.60) and strong correlations between the BWT and 10MWT (ρ= 0.84) and TUG (ρ=−0.82) were found. The BWT could distinguish between the participants who ambulated with walking aids and those who did not (P = .005). The participants who had experienced a fall in the past year did not differ significantly in the BWT compared with those who had not fallen (P = .36). The absolute and relative MDC95 of the BWT in the participants were 0.10 m/s and 39.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The BWT is reliable and valid in assessing balance and gait performances in older adults with dementia. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the BWT can identify those with an increased risk of falls.

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Reliability of 3-m Backward Walk Test in Patients with Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review

Reliability, Validity, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Backward Walk Test in Older Adults With Dementia

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