2014
DOI: 10.2319/090413-652.1
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Reliability of anatomic structures as landmarks in three-dimensional cephalometric analysis using CBCT

Abstract: Objective: To identify anatomic structures in three dimensions and examine their reliability to be used as landmarks in a three-dimensional coordinate cephalometric analysis, using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Thirty CBCT images were randomly selected for landmark location. Forty-two anatomic landmarks, which are not included in the traditional cephalometric landmarks, were chosen based on radiographic characteristics that make them pragmatic to mark in the CBCT image slices… Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…It is implicit that to developing a truly 3D cephalometric analysis requires identification of landmarks on complex curved structures along the three planes of space. For this reason, some of the definitions of the landmarks used in 2D need to be updated (eg Porion); while some 2D landmarks cannot be used, as they simply do not exist in 3D (eg Articulare) as they are the result of 2D projections of structures laying on different planes . Moreover, different structures are characterized by different features so that placing a landmark at the central part of a concave structure (eg Sella Turcica) is quite different from placing a landmark on an area of maximum curvature (eg Gonion), or at the outermost point of a projection (eg Anterior Nasal Spine).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is implicit that to developing a truly 3D cephalometric analysis requires identification of landmarks on complex curved structures along the three planes of space. For this reason, some of the definitions of the landmarks used in 2D need to be updated (eg Porion); while some 2D landmarks cannot be used, as they simply do not exist in 3D (eg Articulare) as they are the result of 2D projections of structures laying on different planes . Moreover, different structures are characterized by different features so that placing a landmark at the central part of a concave structure (eg Sella Turcica) is quite different from placing a landmark on an area of maximum curvature (eg Gonion), or at the outermost point of a projection (eg Anterior Nasal Spine).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, comprehensive definitions of landmarks along all three directions (ie sagittal, vertical and transversal) are crucial to decrease the uncertainties in landmark identification. As done previously for 2D cephalometric analyses , it is essential to develop and validate standardized protocols to define and identify novel landmarks in 3D . Trpkova and co‐workers made a ranking of the most reliable 2D landmarks along the sagittal and vertical directions in their systematic review .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[7][8][9][10] These studies only identified the usefulness of CBCT images in staging periodontitis but did not further investigate whether these measurements could be repeatedly carried out in follow-up CBCT images since the same measuring point has rarely been determined in different 3D images. 11,12 Furthermore, there are no specific guidelines about how to analyse this type of 3D images.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Potere (2008), for instance, tested for positional accuracy of Landsat Geocover dataset using 436 control points located in 109 cities; Becek and Ibrahim (2011) estimated the positional accuracy of runways compiled from multiples sources using 2045 controls. Other useful studies have been carried out in this respect in other parts of the world (Yousefzadeh and Mojaradi, 2012;Naji et al, 2013;Pujotomo and Sudibyakto, 2009). Although the positional accuracies of individual datasets are assessed, the total uncertainties of the integrated data are rarely determined.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%