Reliability of Field Based Cardiovascular Fitness Running Tests for Individuals with Mental Retardation

Abstract

The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the reliability of cardiovascular running tests for individuals with mild and moderate mental retardation. A secondary purpose was to determine whether cardiovascular running tests had some degree of validity in that running times for these tests tended to be in excess of 6 minutes. Data for eight groups were analyzed. Times for the distance runs ranged from 51 to 914 seconds while reliability ranged from .25 to .94, depending on the group. Based on the findings for the groups and distances used in this study, the following conclusions seem justified: (a) Distance run tests of 300 to 880 yds may be reasonably reliable for rank ordering subjects in terms of scores on these tests; (b) distance run tests of 300 or 600 yds are not valid measures of cardiovascular endurance for individuals with mental retardation; and (c) a distance run test of 880 yds may be valid as a measure of cardiovascular endurance.

The Relationships Among Fundamental Motor Skills, Health-Related Physical Fitness, and Body Fatness in South Korean Adolescents With Mental Retardation

“…While the 1-mile (1.6 km) run is most commonly used for children over the age of 10 years, motivational factors may elicit poor results in a test of such long duration for children with MR (Rimmer, 1994). Distances from 600 yards (548.6 m; Fernhall et al, 1998;r = .96-.98) to 880 yards (804.6 m; Pizarro, 1990; r = .8-.9) have been used to measure cardiovascular fitness reliably in adolescents with MR. Fernhall and colleagues (1998) found the 600-yard (548.6 m) run explained 74% of the variance of VO 2 peak in adolescents with MR. Baumgartner and Horvat (1991) suggested the 880-yard (804.6 m) run with adolescents with MR appeared to be a valid measure of aerobic capacity, based on construct validity. Downloaded by [University of Illinois Chicago] at 14:59 13 October 2014 Foley, Harvey, Chun, and Kim Abdominal strength was determined by having participants complete as many sit ups as possible in 1 min.…”

Reliability of Eurofit Physical Fitness Items for Adolescent Males with and without Mental Retardation

“…In the current study, the standard deviations of the individuals with MMR are generally greater than those without. Largely dispersed scores usually result in higher correlation coefficients (Baumgartner & Horvat, 1991;Bland & Altman, 1990;Sale, 1991;Watson, 1995) The use of 95% CIS thus offers a more accurate and applicable estimate of reliability. Independent student t test group comparisons (see Table 2) indicated that male adolescents with MMR scored significantly poorer ( I .005) on all variables except for height and weight.…”

“…For example, the ICC for the sit-and-reach test for male adolescents with MMR is R = .97, the corresponding 95% CI is 4.9 cm, and the percentage error of the mean is 47.6%. This lack of agreement may be explained by the effect that the dispersion of scores has on correlations (Baumgartner & Horvat, 1991;Bland & Altman, 1990;Sale, 1990;Watson, 1995). Thus, investigators should carefully consider which analysis method is used to establish reliability.…”

“…Extensive research exists regarding the reliability and validity of cardiorespiratory endurance tests for individuals with MR (Baumgartner & Horvat, 1991 ;Cressler, Lavay, & Giese, 1988;Fernhall & Tymeson, 1988;Rintala, Dunn, McCubbin, & Quinn, 1992), but investigators have not reached a consensus about the most suitable test. Cressler et al (1988) reported test-retest reliability of four measures of cardiorespiratory fitness for individuals with mild to moderate MR (n = 17, mean age = 35, mean IQ = 54).…”

Αντιληπτικο-Κινητική Συμπεριφορά Νεαρών Ατόμων Με Ελαφρά Νοητική Καθυστέρηση

“…Eπιπλέον άλλοι ερευνητές ανέφεραν ότι το τρέξιµο 6 λεπτών µπορεί να χρησιµοποιηθεί για την εκτίµηση της αερόβιας ικανότητας σε άτοµα µε Ν.Κ. (Baumgartner & Horvat, 1991, Disch, Frankiewicz & Jackson, 1975.…”