Reliability of principal components and discrete parameters of knee angle and moment gait waveforms in individuals with moderate knee osteoarthritis

Relationships between in vivo dynamic knee joint loading, static alignment and tibial subchondral bone microarchitecture in end-stage knee osteoarthritis

“…5(a),(c)] are within measurement accuracy thresholds. This limitation possibly accounting for discrepancies among studies 46,48,50 . Further, results on rotational moments should be considered within this context.…”

Comparison of Gait Characteristics Between Patients With Nontraumatic and Posttraumatic Medial Knee Osteoarthritis

“…In addition to examining discrete gait variables, PC analysis was conducted for each knee angle and moment. PC analysis reduces dimensionality of waveform data and determines different waveform characteristics . First, ensemble waveforms from the 5 gait trials, time normalized to 100% of the gait cycle, were created for each participant.…”

“…Three PCs (PC1, PC2, and PC3) were examined for each knee angle and moment because they represent the majority (>80%) of variability in the waveforms. Next, ensemble angle or moment waveforms were scored against their respective PC (PC scores) . PC scores are indicative of how closely a participant's angle or moment waveform matches the shape of each PC.…”

Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

“…The stifle joint angle is also different between dogs and humans in both, standing position and the stance phase of walking. The stifle joint has the maximum angle between 144° and 165° during the stance phase of walking for normal dogs, depending on breed (Hottinger et al., ; Griffon, ; Ragetly et al., , ; Agostinho et al., ; Miqueleto et al., ), while the knee joint angle is between 167° and 169° at the initial contact or early stance phase in humans (Nagano et al., ; Gaudreault et al., ; Robbins et al., ). This angle is measured in sagittal plane, based on the mechanical axes of the femur and tibia.…”

“…This angle is measured in sagittal plane, based on the mechanical axes of the femur and tibia. The proximal landmark of the femoral axis (FA) is the greater trochanter, while the distal landmarks have changed from the lateral epicondyle, to the most distal point of lateral epicondyle, femorotibial joint centre or between the lateral epicondyle of the femur and fibular head (DeCamp et al., ; Hottinger et al., ; Sanchez‐Bustinduy et al., ; Torres et al., ; Agostinho et al., ; Bush et al., ; Nagano et al., ; Ragetly et al., ; Miqueleto et al., ; Robbins et al., ; Silvernail et al., ). However, all these approaches have ignored the anterior bow of the femur, where the compressive and ground reaction forces traverse from proximal to distal, or vice versa.…”