Reliability of renal ultrasound measurements in children

Geelhoed, J.J. Miranda; Kleyburg-Linkers, Veronica E.; Snijders, Sonja P. E.; Lequin, Maarten H.; Nauta, Jeroen; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Heijden, Albert J. van der; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.

doi:10.1007/s00467-009-1148-3

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Finally, the accurateness of ultrasound measurements is influenced by intra-and interobserver variability (24), and measurements of renal volume were not available in most of our patients. We used length and thickness to estimate KS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Serum Creatinine Levels Are Significantly Influenced by Renal Size in the Normal Pediatric Population

Zazzo¹,

Stringini²,

Matteucci³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Clinical and experimental data have shown that differences in nephron endowment result in differences in renal mass and predisposition to chronic renal failure, hypertension, and proteinuria. We hypothesized that a significant proportion of the variance in GFR, as estimated by serum creatinine, is attributable to differences in renal size in normal children.Design, setting, participants, & measurements A total of 1748 normal renal ultrasounds that were performed in children older than 6 months were reviewed. For each ultrasound, serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, and systolic and diastolic office BP were recorded. Renal size was evaluated as a function of renal length and thickness. All data were normalized for height, weight, age, and gender.Results When expressed as SD scores, a significant correlation was found between kidney size and serum creatinine (P Ͻ 0.0001) and between kidney size and serum blood urea nitrogen (P Ͻ 0.002). When dividing kidney size data per quintiles, a difference of 0.51 SD score in serum creatinine was observed between the lowest and highest quintile. No significant correlation was found with office BP measurements.Conclusions These data show that, even in the normal pediatric population, differences in renal function are significantly explained by differences in renal mass. Methodologic limitations of this study are likely to underestimate this relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Serum Creatinine Levels Are Significantly Influenced by Renal Size in the Normal Pediatric Population

Zazzo¹,

Stringini²,

Matteucci³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…For the postnatal ultrasound measurements, the intra-observer ICCs ranged from 0.93 (left and right renal widths and right renal thickness) to 0.99 (left renal length), and interobserver ICCs ranged from 0.64 (right renal thickness) to 0.90 (right renal length). Limits of agreement in the Bland and Altman plots ranged from −8.0% to 9.2% (intra-observer left renal width) to the widest limit from −18.0% to 19.2% (interobserver left renal length) [18].…”

Section: Ultrasound Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Kidney growth curves in healthy children from the third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study

et al. 2010

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Information about growth of kidney structures in early life is limited. In a population-based prospective cohort study, from foetal life onwards, we constructed reference curves for kidney growth from the third trimester of pregnancy until early childhood, using data from 1,158 healthy children. Kidney size, defined as length, width, depth and volume, was measured in the third trimester of pregnancy and at the postnatal ages of 6 months and 24 months. Analyses were based on more than 2,500 kidney measurements. In the third trimester of pregnancy and at 6 months of age all kidney measurements were larger in boys than in girls. At 24 months of age, these gender differences were only significant for left kidney structures and right kidney length. Both groups showed trends towards smaller left kidney measurements than right kidney measurements at all ages. Gender-specific reference curves based on post-conceptional and postnatal ages were constructed for left and right kidney length, width, depth and volume. We concluded that kidney size is influenced by age and gender. Left kidney size tended to be smaller than right kidney size, except for kidney length. The reference curves can be used for assessing kidney structures by ultrasound in foetal life and early childhood.

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“…Measurements at these visits included physical examinations (height, weight, head circumference, skinfold thickness and waist-hip ratio, Touwen's Neurodevelopmental Examination at the ages of 1.5, 6, 14, and 24 months) and ultrasound examinations (brain structures at 1.5 months and cardiac and kidney structures at the ages of 1.5, 6 and 24 months, abdominal fat at the age of 24 months) [224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237]. Dual 9 Energy Absorptiometry (DXA) scanning was performed in a subgroup of children at the age of 6 months [238].…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2012

et al. 2012

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The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes of normal and abnormal growth, development and health during fetal life, childhood and adulthood. The study focuses on four primary areas of research: (1) growth and physical development; (2) behavioural and cognitive development; (3) diseases in childhood; and (4) health and healthcare for pregnant women and children. In total, 9,778 mothers with a delivery date from April 2002 until January 2006 were enrolled in the study. General follow-up rates until the age of 4 years exceed 75%. Data collection in mothers, fathers and preschool children included questionnaires, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, and biological samples. A genome wide association screen is available in the participating children. Regular detailed hands on assessment are performed from the age of 5 years onwards. Eventually, results forthcoming from the Generation R Study have to contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing health and healthcare for pregnant women and children.

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Reliability of renal ultrasound measurements in children

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Serum Creatinine Levels Are Significantly Influenced by Renal Size in the Normal Pediatric Population

Serum Creatinine Levels Are Significantly Influenced by Renal Size in the Normal Pediatric Population

Kidney growth curves in healthy children from the third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study

The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2012

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