Reliability of Shoulder Internal Rotation Passive Range of Motion Measurements in the Supine Versus Sidelying Position

Assessment of shoulder active range of motion in prone versus supine: a reliability and concurrent validity study

“…The hypothesised reasons for the greater ER in prone compared to supine in this current study may be attributed to the reduced scapula stabilisation in the prone position as previous research has illustrated reduction in shoulder ROM the more the scapula is stabilised (Ellenbecker, Roetert, Piorkowski and Schulz, 1996;Lunden, Muffenbier, Giveans and Cieminski, 2010). Secondly it could be speculated that an increased muscular effort in prone may occur as the participant attempts to overcome this anti-gravity position.…”

Efficacy of Hand Behind Back Mobilization With Movement for Acute Shoulder Pain and Movement Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Despite this, the group receiving MWM with exercise exhibited greater improvement than those receiving exercise/hot pack, reaching 34.55˚ that approximates the mean normal range of 39.7˚ when measured in side lying 29 indicating clinically significant improvement. Borstad et al 55 reported that a change of 19° in shoulder internal rotation ROM can considered as a true change in shoulder posterior capsule flexibility.…”

“…The effect sizes for these differences were large for all the outcomes measured at the follow-up point. It should be noted that the effect was not only statistically significant but also clinically meaningful as it exceeded the minimum clinically important difference of 1.4cm on the VAS, 38 the MDC of 6.1˚ for shoulder internal rotation ROM, 29 and the MDC of 18 points for the SPADI score. 36 Further, even the lower bound estimates for the 95% CIs fall above the minimum clinically important difference for VAS pain score, MDC for internal rotation ROM and SPADI score for the MWM with exercise group.…”

“…This measurement method (figure 2) has excellent intrarater reliability (ICC = 0.94-0.98) and good to excellent interrater reliability (ICC= 0.88-0.96) with the minimum detectable change (MDC) of 6.1° for people with shoulder pathology. 29 A functional measure of HBB was recorded. While standing, the subject was asked to keep their hand behind the back with the dorsum of hand touching the back and thumb close to the palm.…”

“…Participants aged between 18 and 65 years were screened for suitability according to the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects had to be able to reach the dorsum of their hand on the affected side at least to the buttock (but not above the iliac crest), be able to lie on the affected side for internal rotation measurement which should not be more than 25°, 29 and have at least 90° shoulder abduction. The primary exclusion criteria were shoulder stiffness due to immobilization secondary to traumatic fractures, dislocations or soft tissue injuries around the shoulder complex and those who received physiotherapy or intra articular steroid injections within the previous 3 months.…”