Reliability of Smartphone Inclinometry to Measure Upper Cervical Range of Motion

Ullucci, Paul A.; Tudini, Frank; Moran, Mark

doi:10.1123/jsr.2018-0048

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When examining the 11 studies examining spinal ROM, it appeared that the assessment of flexion, extension and lateral flexion typically exhibited adequate relative reliability and/or validity [30, 31, 38–46], although not all of these studies assessed absolute reliability and validity. Compared to the assessment of spinal flexion, extension and lateral flexion, the assessment of spinal axial rotation did not exhibit adequate reliability and validity in four [30, 40, 44, 45] of the nine studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of clinically accessible smartphone applications to measure joint range of motion: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Measuring joint range of motion is an important skill for many allied health professionals. While the Universal Goniometer is the most commonly utilised clinical tool for measuring joint range of motion, the evolution of smartphone technology and applications (apps) provides the clinician with more measurement options. However, the reliability and validity of these smartphones and apps is still somewhat uncertain. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of smartphones and apps to measure joint range of motion. Eligible studies were published in English peer-reviewed journals with full text available, involving the assessment of reliability and/or validity of a non-videographic smartphone app to measure joint range of motion in participants >18 years old. An electronic search using PubMed, Medline via Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTSDiscus was performed. The risk of bias was assessed using a standardised appraisal tool. Twenty-three of the eligible 25 studies exceeded the minimum 60% score to be classified as a low risk of bias, although 3 of the 13 criteria were not achieved in >50% of the studies. Most of the studies demonstrated adequate intra-rater or inter-rater reliability and/or validity for >50% of the range of motion tests across all joints assessed. However, this level of evidence appeared weaker for absolute (e.g. mean difference ± limit of agreement, minimal detectable change) than relative (e.g. intraclass correlation, correlation) measures; and for spinal rotation than spinal extension, flexion and lateral flexion. Our results provide clinicians with sufficient evidence to support the use of smartphones and apps in place of goniometers to measure joint motion. Future research should address some methodological limitations of the literature, especially including the inclusion of absolute and not just relative reliability and validity statistics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of clinically accessible smartphone applications to measure joint range of motion: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…We estimated the required sample size by using the correlation coefficient. We assumed that the measurements between the hybrid device and universal goniometer had an r value of 0.5 based on previous similar studies [17,18]. The type I and II errors were set below 0.05 and 0.2, respectively, and the attrition of the participants was allowed to be 20%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Application with Virtual Reality Goggles for the Reliable and Valid Measurement of Active Craniocervical Range of Motion

Chang

Chen

et al. 2019

Diagnostics

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and validity of a hybrid device, combining virtual reality goggles, a magnetometer and an inclinometer application for smartphones, to measure craniocervical range. Summary of Background Data: Accurate evaluation of craniocervical range of motion is important for early detection of certain diseased conditions and monitoring the progress of interventions. The universal goniometer is widely used for the measurement but it requires experienced practitioners. Whether a combination of virtual reality goggles and smartphone applications can provide the same or better performance compared with the goniometer is still unknown. Methods: Forty-one healthy adults from the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation were recruited for craniocervical range examination (flexion, extension, side-bending to the right or left and rotating to the right or left) by using the hybrid device and universal goniometer. Using the hybrid device, repeated measurements were performed twice by a primary rater and once by a second rater. The primary rater also conducted a measurement using the universal goniometer in the same cohort. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated using the two-way random effect model, whereas the validity was examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-and-Altman plot. The interval between the first and second sessions of the measurement for intra-rater reliability was set at 30 min. Results: Excellent intra-rater (ICC ≥ 0.925) and inter-rater (ICC ≥ 0.880) reliability was noted for the hybrid device. The minimal detectable changes from intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons ranged between 4.12° and 7.42° in all six directions. The Bland-and-Altman plot revealed small mean differences (≤1.68°) between the hybrid device and universal goniometer. Both instruments had highly correlated measurements of craniocervical motion (r values ≥ 0.918). Conclusion: For healthy participants, excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was noted for the hybrid device, and the measurements were consistent with the universal goniometer measurements. Future studies are needed to examine whether the device can perform similarly for patients with neck disorders.

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“…The software IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 for Windows was used [ 43 ]. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the examiners’ sample, analyzing frequencies and percentages for gender, as a qualitative variable, and relating them with the qualitative variable named “physiotherapy course” of the examiners.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interexaminer Reliability and Validity of Quantity of Cervical Mobility during Online Dynamic Inspection

et al. 2022

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Background: Physical therapists routinely measure range of motion (ROM) of cervical spine. The reliability of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device has been demonstrated in several studies, but current evidence on the validity and reliability of the visual inspection is contradictory. The aim is to assess the validity and interexaminer reliability of the online visual inspection of active cervical ROM in physiotherapy students. Methods: Flexion, extension, both lateral flexions and rotations of a single participant were measured using CROM. Online visual inspection of 18 physiotherapy students against CROM was registered. Results: The validity, against CROM, of the online visual inspection of the active ROM ranged from good to excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) 0.83–0.97). Interexaminer reliability of the online visual inspection had favorable outcomes in all cervical movements in the three physiotherapy courses (ICC 0.70–0.96), with the visual inspection of the rotations being the most reliable (ICC 0.93–0.97). Interexaminer reliability of the classification of mobility was poor to good (Kappa 0.03–0.90). Conclusions: The interexaminer reliability and validity of the quantification of active cervical movement during online visual inspection was shown to be good to excellent for flexion-extension and lateral flexions and excellent for rotations.

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Reliability of Smartphone Inclinometry to Measure Upper Cervical Range of Motion

Abstract: UCROM can be reliably measured using a smartphone inclinometer application.

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Reliability and validity of clinically accessible smartphone applications to measure joint range of motion: A systematic review

Reliability and validity of clinically accessible smartphone applications to measure joint range of motion: A systematic review

Smartphone Application with Virtual Reality Goggles for the Reliable and Valid Measurement of Active Craniocervical Range of Motion

Interexaminer Reliability and Validity of Quantity of Cervical Mobility during Online Dynamic Inspection

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