Flash memory has served as an important technology driver due to its many new applications. Despite the fact that NAND°ash has out run lithography and other scaling barriers and thus is facing steep challenges, several innovative solutions are being developed to carry its momentum, and it continues to serve as a technology driver in the nanoelectronics era. New devices that are not based on charge storage, on the other hand, are promising to further boost system performance by o®ering low-power, high-density, and fast latency storage. These new developments should provide the next generation memory and storage solutions that will elevate system performance to a new level.The elegant NAND°ash architecture allows a minimum size memory cell consisting of a single