Reliance on Science in Patenting

Science quality and the value of inventions

“…use patent data exclusively at the USPTO between 1976 and 2015 where 759,000 patents were found to be directly linked to at least one scientific publication in WoS via an NPL reference Jefferson et al (2018). starts with 11.8 million scientific publications published between 1980 and 2015, of which roughly 1.2 million are cited in 690,000 patent families (1.1 million patents) Marx and Fuegi (2019). link US patents from 1926-2018 to scientific papers from 1800-2018, identifying approximately 15.7 million citation links between 1.4 million patents to 2.9 million papers.…”

Exploring Uncharted Territory: Knowledge Search Processes in the Origination of Outlier Innovation

“…8 Our results are robust to using a simple count of the material in the other references section, following the approach of Fleming and Sorenson (2004). Notably, with increased precision of the measure from the Patent Citations to Science project (Marx 2019, Marx andFuegi 2019), we find stronger results with larger marginal effect sizes. 9 Though this measure is based on only the first assignee, we are reasonably confident this does not introduce bias into the results, as only just over 1% of utility patents are filed with multiple assignees.…”

“…We add one to this value and take the log (base 2) due to the heavily skewed distribution of values, ranging from 0 to 807 with the mean close to two before transformation. 7 This count is a sum of the unique scientific articles identified by a linking algorithm developed by Marx and Fuegi (2019), through which items listed in the "other references" section of the front page of each patent were matched to a specific article within proprietary databases, such as Web of Science, as well as open source databases. 8 We also examined whether outlier patents are more likely when the assignee is an academic institution.…”

“…As noted earlier, our minimum criteria for being an outlier patent is two technological steps away, but some outliers were as distant as 18 steps away. We supplemented the USPTO data with data from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the Patent Name-Matching Project (Hall 2008), 3 the Disambiguated Inventor Database (Li et al 2014), and the Patent Citation to Science Project (Marx 2019, Marx andFuegi 2019). Table 1 compares descriptive means between the outlier patent population and nonoutlier patents on key dimensions, including the size of the inventing team and the number of allowed claims on the patent.…”

The Roots of Agricultural Innovation: Patent Evidence of Knowledge Spillovers

“…A final challenge remains. Our source for journal citations is Marx and Fuegi (2019), which links the raw text in patents to entries in the Microsoft Academic Graph. We match journal titles in the Microsoft Academic Graph to journal titles in our SCImago classification system by a…”