“…al, ; Cook, ). Often loosely translated into English from the Arabic haram and Hausa boko as “Western education is forbidden,” Boko Haram originated as a Sunni mosque and school in Maiduguri, the capital of Nigeria's Borno state (Smith, ; Chothia, ; Deckard, Barkindo, and Jacobson, ; Bamidele, ; Cook, ). Its first leader, Mohammad Yusuf, attracted followers from the predominantly Muslim and relatively impoverished populations of Nigeria's Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe states—especially ethnic Kanuri tribe members—as well as Kanuris from the neighboring West African countries of Niger, Chad, and Cameroon (Onuoha, ).…”