“…Such models in RE can be termed religious literacy, which is a concept that has been in use since the 1990s. The concept of religious literacy has been employed by, among others, von Brömssen (2013); Conroy (2016), Dinham (2016b), Dinham and Francis (2015), Dinham and Shaw (2017), Franken (2017), Goldburg (2010), Moore (2007Moore ( , 2019, Papen (2005), Prothero (2008), Richardson (2017), Sahin (2017), Shaw (2019) and Wright (1993Wright ( , 2000Wright ( , 2004Wright ( , 2010Wright ( , 2015 and very recently by Muhammed Azeem Ashraf (2019) and Chan et al (2019). These researchers come from various national, as well as different scientific traditions in relation to researching religion, religious literacy and education.…”