A summary of conventions, symbols, quantities, units, and constants which are important for high-resolution molecular spectroscopy is provided. In particular, great care is taken to provide definitions which are consistent with the recommendations of the IUPAC "Green Book", from which large parts of this article are drawn. While the recommendations in general refer to the SI (Système International), the relation to other systems and recommendations, which are frequently used in spectroscopy, for instance atomic units, is also provided. A brief discussion of quantity calculus is provided as well as an up-to-date set of fundamental constants and conversion factors together with a discussion of conventions used in reporting uncertainty of experimentally derived quantities. The article thus should provide an ideal compendium of many quantities of practical importance in high-resolution spectroscopy.