Remediation of Kraft E1 and black liquor effluents by biological and chemical processes

Moraes, Sandra Gomes de; Durán, Nélson; Freire, Renato S.

doi:10.1007/s10311-006-0039-0

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, a 45% mineralization enhancement was also reported in this essay for the pre-biological treatment of kraft effluent by photocatalysis (Moraes et al 2006) (Table 4).…”

Section: Semi-conductor Photocatalytic Processessupporting

confidence: 71%

The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

Hermosilla

Merayo

Gascó

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

159

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Paper industry is adopting zero liquid effluent technologies to reduce fresh water use and meet environmental regulations, which implies water circuits closure and the progressive accumulation of pollutants that must be removed before water re-use and final wastewater discharge. The traditional water treatment technologies that are used in paper mills (such as dissolve air flotation or biological treatment) are not able to remove recalcitrant contaminants. Therefore, advanced water treatment technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are being included in industrial wastewater treatment chains aiming to either improve water biodegradability or its final quality. A deep review of the current state of the art regarding the use of AOPs for the treatment of the organic load of effluents from the paper industry is herein addressed considering mature and emerging treatments for a sustainable water use in this sector. Wastewater composition, which is highly dependent of the raw materials being used in the mills, the selected AOP itself, and its combination with other technologies, will determine the viability of the treatment. In general, all AOPs have been reported to achieve good organics removal efficiencies (COD removal >40%; and about an extra 20% if AOPs are combined with biological stages). Particularly, ozonation has been the most extensively reported and successfully implemented AOP at an industrial scale for effluent treatment or reuse within pulp and paper mills; although Fenton processes (photo-Fenton particularly) have actually addressed better oxidative results (COD removal ≈65-75%) at lab scale, but still need further development at large scale.

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“…In addition, a 45% mineralization enhancement was also reported in this essay for the pre-biological treatment of kraft effluent by photocatalysis (Moraes et al 2006) (Table 4).…”

Section: Semi-conductor Photocatalytic Processessupporting

confidence: 71%

The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

Hermosilla

Merayo

Gascó

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

159

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“…Moraes et al (2006) achieved good efficiencies (75% color removal and an increase of mineralization of the 140% with respect to the previous biological treatment) in the application of photocatalysis as post-biological treatment of black liquor. In addition, a mineralization increase of the 45% was obtained for the pre-biological treatment of kraft effluent by photocatalysis (Moraes et al 2006). Notably, Merayo et al (2013) did not find any significant benefit of photocatalysis either before or after biological treatment, whereas ozone was found to be quite effective as a post-treatment.…”

Section: Uv-catalysis (With Tio2 or Peroxide)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Jamil et al (2011) reported 0.25, 0.45, and 0.7 increases of the BOD5/COD ratio for the treatment of an effluent from a board paper mill by UV, UV/H2O2, and photoFenton processes, respectively; as well as a significant destruction of aromatic chlorinated compounds in all the trialed photocatalytic processes. Moraes et al (2006) achieved good efficiencies (75% color removal and an increase of mineralization of the 140% with respect to the previous biological treatment) in the application of photocatalysis as post-biological treatment of black liquor. In addition, a mineralization increase of the 45% was obtained for the pre-biological treatment of kraft effluent by photocatalysis (Moraes et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

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The pulp and paper (P&P) industry worldwide has achieved substantial progress in treating both process water and wastewater, thus limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving waters. This review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods, which provide P&P companies with costeffective ways to limit the release of biological or chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, solids, color, and other indicators of pollutant load. Conventional wastewater treatment systems, often comprising primary clarification followed by activated sludge processes, have been widely implemented in the P&P industry. Higher levels of pollutant removal can be achieved by supplementary treatments, which can include anaerobic biological stages, advanced oxidation processes, bioreactors, and membrane filtration technologies. Improvements in the performance of wastewater treatment operations often can be achieved by effective measurement technologies and by strategic addition of agents including coagulants, flocculants, filter aids, and optimized fungal or bacterial cultures. In addition, P&P mills can implement upstream process changes, including dissolved-air-flotation (DAF) systems, filtration save-alls, and kidney-like operations to purify process waters, thus reducing the load of pollutants and the volume of effluent being discharged to end-of-pipe wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Pulp and paper manufacturing; Advanced oxidation; Membrane technologies; Clarification; Activated sludgeContact information: a: North Carolina State University, Dept. of Forest Biomaterials, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 29695-8005; b: WestRock Company, Water and Waste Treatment, 600 S 8th St, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034; c: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain; d: Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ingn. Quim, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n,S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; e: Concordia University, Dept. Bldg. Civil & Environm. Engn., 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd, West Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; f: University of Jyväskylä, Dept. Chem., Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; g: Department of Biology, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; h: Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Aveiro & Department of Materials and Ceramics, Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; i: FPInnovations, 570 St. Jean Blvd., Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada; * Corresponding author: hubbe@ncsu.edu Contents of the Article INTRODUCTIONThe pulp and paper (P&P) industry occupies a challenging position with respect to the natural environment. On the positive side, the industry is based on the usage of renewable, photosynthetic resources. On the other hand, the industry discharges huge quantities of aqueous effluents. Large volumes (up to 70 m 3 ) of wastewater ...

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“…This industry sector discharges large volumes of brown colored effluents as a result of the different processes applied in wood and pulp bleaching, generating diverse pollutants [3,4]. The high chemical diversity of these pollutants causes a variety of clastogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on fish and other aquatic communities in recipient water bodies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Microbiota for Activated Sludge Acclimated By Paper Mill Effluent Kraft E1 Bioremediation

Cordi¹,

Assalin²,

Ponezi³

2012

J Bioremed Biodeg

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Conventional systems treating paper effluents and cellulose are quite efficient in the reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). In general, there is primary stage clarification followed by secondary treatment, usually with a biological system (activated sludge). However, for the efficient degradation of some organic compounds in this effluent, adapted microorganism accomplish the treatment which are necessary resulting in effluents with low concentrations of recalcitrant compounds. There are two methods for microorganism acclimation: genes cloning or natural.In this work, the original biomass collected from a domestic sewage treatment plant was adapted for application in the bioremediation of paper mill effluent, Kraft E 1 . So, the aim of this work was verifying the correlation of protozoa organisms and physical-chemical parameters during the acclimation period.The acclimation of the biomass was verified mainly through the reduction of COD. The monitoring of biomass growth was followed by measurement of suspended solids and volatile suspended solids. Parameters such as pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and temperature were also monitored daily. The biological study was accomplished microscopically through the identification of protozoa that are considered bioindicators of the activated sludge system. The biomass acclimation period was 39 days. The stabilization of the system was observed through constant rates of total COD (56%). The suspended solids at the beginning of the acclimation phase were from 1580 mg L -¹ to 3580 mg L -¹, indicating biomass growth. A small acclimation period was necessary to observe the diversity of protozoa, mainly free ciliates, but nematodes were also present, indicating poor sludge sediment. At the end of the acclimation phase predominantly rotifers, but some free ciliates, ciliated communities and fixed ciliated were observed, indicating a good purification capacity of the system. Within the organisms amoeba was observed and this indicates good quality to the final effluent. Then, it is possible to correlate the biota presence with the high capacity of COD removal from the activated sludge system. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation

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Remediation of Kraft E1 and black liquor effluents by biological and chemical processes

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Identification of Microbiota for Activated Sludge Acclimated By Paper Mill Effluent Kraft E1 Bioremediation

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