1991
DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90049-a
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Remembering facial configurations

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Cited by 128 publications
(98 citation statements)
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“…This is consistent with previous research demonstrating the effects of similar transformations on apparent age (eg Pittenger and Shaw 1975;Mark and Todd 1983;Bruce et al 1991), although the effects of the strain transformation in our experiments were weaker than the results of previous research might have led us to expect. One reason for this is that in experiment 2 we used a between-subjects design, which may have been less sensitive to the effects of strain than the within-subjects designs typically used by previous researchers to investigate this phenomenon.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
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“…This is consistent with previous research demonstrating the effects of similar transformations on apparent age (eg Pittenger and Shaw 1975;Mark and Todd 1983;Bruce et al 1991), although the effects of the strain transformation in our experiments were weaker than the results of previous research might have led us to expect. One reason for this is that in experiment 2 we used a between-subjects design, which may have been less sensitive to the effects of strain than the within-subjects designs typically used by previous researchers to investigate this phenomenon.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Faces appear older if the strain transformation is applied in one direction, and younger if it is applied in the opposite direction. ['Pseudo-strain', in terms of merely moving the internal features within the face outline, has similar effects, as shown by Bruce et al (1991).] Working within a neo-Gibsonian framework, Pittenger and his colleagues have suggested that cardioidal strain level (or something similar) is a perceptual 'invariant' which constitutes the primary perceptual information for age estimation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 84%
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“…Alternatively, the task may demand a sophisticated level of perceptual processing that they have yet to achieve. Adults are able to process complex configural aspects of faces when judging identity (Bruce, Doyle, Dench, & Burton, 1991;Rhodes, Brake, & Atkinson, 1993;Tanaka & Farah, 1993), and to take multiple features into account when judging expressions (Barrett, Lindquist, & Gendron, 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Three types of configural information are considered to be important in face processing [Maurer et al, 2002]: (1) first-order information (the fixed structure of the eyes, above the nose, above the mouth); (2) holistic information (processing all componential properties without decomposition, or as a perceptual snapshot); (3) second-order information (the spatial relationship amongst the features). It is generally agreed that processing either the holistic or the second-order configural properties of faces is important to develop superior performance at face processing compared with object processing [Bruce et al, 1991;Tanaka and Sengco, 1997]. Holistic face processing has been traditionally tested using a ''whole-to-part'' design, in which typically developing individuals show greater accuracy recognizing a facial feature embedded in a whole face than when seen in isolation [Tanaka and Farah, 1993].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%