Remembering implied advertising claims as facts: Extensions to the “real world”

Harris, Richard; Dubitsky, Tony M.; Perch, Karen L.; Ellerman, Cindy S.; Larson, Mark W.

doi:10.3758/bf03329554

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, Richard Harris, a pathfinder in the area of basic psycholinguistic research on memory and comprehension of metaphor (cf. Harris, Lahey, and Marsalek, 1980), has launched a programme of research on people's memory for advertising (Bruno and Harris, 1980;Harris, Dubitsky, Perch, Ellerman, and Larson, 1980). In the case of AI, the economic factor has been manifested in a number of ways; for example, the intensive research effort on robotics for applications in industry.…”

Section: Recent Economic Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief history of applied cognitive psychology

Hoffman

Deffenbacher

1992

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Currently, applied cognitive psychology seems to be a 'hot topic'. What are the origins of this area of specialization? In this article we survey the history of applied cognitive psychology, beginning with the earliest applied psychological research of the late 18OOs, through the impact on psychology of the World Wars, through the advent of the information processing view of the 1950s, and up to the recent flurry of work on topics in cognitive science, such as humanxomputer interaction. We also consider recent changes in the structure of American professional societies, economic changes and funding patterns, and other factors that have contributed to the advent of this new field. Although our discussion is largely descriptive, we point to some of the influences on applied psychology, such as the practical concerns that have arisen outside the laboratory. Our discussion is best characterized as a historically contextualized cautionary tale that asserts the values of neofunctionalism for applied cognitive psychology.

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Section: Recent Economic Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief history of applied cognitive psychology

Hoffman

Deffenbacher

1992

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…Such alternative definitions may be a result of overgeneralization of the word, an insufficient understanding of vocabulary terms, or a tendency towards compartmentalization of schoolwork and everyday life. Indeed, it has been shown that memory is constructive and that people store information based on their own conceptual framework (7). According to Duit, "…these frameworks really are alternatives to the science taught in schools" (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

"Chemical-Free" Foods: An Investigation of Student's Definitions of a Chemical

Nicoll

1997

J. Chem. Educ.

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There appear to exist at least two definitions of what a chemical is, a popular society definition and a scientific one. This study investigated the pervasiveness of these views among students enrolled in a freshman level college general chemistry course. It was found that only 30 percent of the students in second semester held a scientific definition of a chemical, while another 30 percent held a popular definition. The remaining 40 percent held views intermediate between these. A correlation may exist between the amount of television students watched as they grew up and the type of views they hold about chemicals.

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The effectiveness of different types of pragmatic implications found in commercials to mislead subjects

Searleman¹,

Carter²

1988

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Statements concerning the truthfulness of claims made in 16 tape-recorded commercials about fictitious products were judged by 40 college students. In half of the commercials a claim was directly asserted while in the other half the claims were pragmatically implied. Pragmatic implications are statements that lead a person to believe something that is neither explicitly stated nor necessarily implied. As expected based upon previous research, subjects often responded to implied claims as if they had been directly asserted (particularly by subjects in the short delay group). In addition, differences were found in the effectiveness of four different types of pragmatic implications for misleading subjects.Considerable research has shown that making inferences, whether they are correct or incorrect, plays an important role in language comprehension (Clark and Clark, 1977;Grice, 1967;Howard, 1983). This is because much of the underlying message is often not explicitly stated but must be inferred. Our propensity to make such inferences about what we hear or read, while usually quite beneficial, can under certain circumstances lead us to draw unwarranted conclusions (e.g. Bartlett, 1932;Bransford, Barclay and Franks, 1972;Bransford and Johnson, 1973). One method for examining how people fall prey to making false inferences has been to use sentences involving pragmatic implications.Pragmatic implications are statements that lead a person to believe something that is neither explicitly asserted nor necessarily implied (Brewer, 1977;Harris, 1974Harris, , 1977Harris and Monaco, 1978). This presumably occurs because of an interaction between the actual input of the message and the person's knowledge of the world. For example, the statement 'The karate champion hit the cinder block' pragmatically implies that the block was broken (Brewer, 1977). However, this unwarranted inference would not have happened if the word 'swimming' was substituted for the word 'karate'. This is in contrast to a logical implication in which information is necessarily implied. An example of a logical implication is 'John forced Bill to rob the bank', which necessarily implies that Bill robbed the bank (Harris and Monaco, 1978). ~ A copy of the complete text of each commercial and the accompanying test statements can be obtained from the first author. A shorter version of this paper was presented as a poster at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Baltimore, 1984. Reprint requests should be sent to

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Remembering implied advertising claims as facts: Extensions to the “real world”

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

A brief history of applied cognitive psychology

A brief history of applied cognitive psychology

"Chemical-Free" Foods: An Investigation of Student's Definitions of a Chemical

The effectiveness of different types of pragmatic implications found in commercials to mislead subjects

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