Remission of liquid tumors and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A literature review

Shin, Dong Ho; Gillard, Andrew G.; Wieren, Arie Van; Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria; Fueyo, Juan

doi:10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.006

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We also provided key proof-of-concept data illustrating that OV-BYTE therapy can effectively harness SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory to treat cancers in preclinical models. Notably, several SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer have been reported to achieve partial or complete tumor remission 49,50 . Based on our findings, we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 infection of tumor cells 51,52 in these patients may redirect these malignant cells toward the cytotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2-specific T BYS cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy

Chen,

Zhao,

Yue

et al. 2024

Nat Cancer

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Tumor-specific T cells are crucial in anti-tumor immunity and act as targets for cancer immunotherapies. However, these cells are numerically scarce and functionally exhausted in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to inefficacious immunotherapies in most patients with cancer. By contrast, emerging evidence suggested that tumor-irrelevant bystander T (TBYS) cells are abundant and preserve functional memory properties in the TME. To leverage TBYS cells in the TME to eliminate tumor cells, we engineered oncolytic virus (OV) encoding TBYS epitopes (OV-BYTE) to redirect the antigen specificity of tumor cells to pre-existing TBYS cells, leading to effective tumor inhibition in multiple preclinical models. Mechanistically, OV-BYTE induced epitope spreading of tumor antigens to elicit more diverse tumor-specific T cell responses. Remarkably, the OV-BYTE strategy targeting human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory efficiently inhibited tumor progression in a human tumor cell-derived xenograft model, providing important insights into the improvement of cancer immunotherapies in a large population with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy

Chen,

Zhao,

Yue

et al. 2024

Nat Cancer

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“…Table 1. Shows Case Reports and Case Series of patients with remission after SARS-CoV-2 exposure [1,11,12,13].…”

Section: Svoa Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oncolytic Viral Activity of SARS-CoV-2

Basher,

Alsayed

2024

SVOAMB

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The expanding domain of biotechnology has fostered the development of genetically modified viruses as pivotal players in advanced therapeutic strategies. Among these, oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising avenue in cancer treatment. This review explores the feasibility and potential mechanisms underlying the utilization of a genetically engineered SARS-CoV-2 variant as an oncolytic agent. We propose that a modified SARS-CoV-2, engineered for reduced virulence, could be employed as a therapeutic tool against cancer. Mechanistically, upon infection, SARS-CoV-2 can activate the immune system, triggering an anti-tumor response through various pathways such as NK cell activation, molecular mimicry, and viral entry via ACE-2/NRP-1 receptors. Additionally, the downregulation of inhibitory molecules on NK cells post-infection further enhances anti-tumor activity. We elucidate the process of engineering modified SARS-CoV-2 utilizing a reverse genetic system, highlighting the safety measures necessary for its preparation. Moreover, we discuss strategies for retargeting coronavirus to enhance oncolytic efficacy, focusing on modifications to viral surface proteins. Clinical evidence supporting the potential of SARS-CoV-2-induced tumor regression is presented, including cases of spontaneous remission following COVID-19 infection or vaccination. These observations underscore the need for further investigation into the immunological mechanisms driving tumor regression post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, harnessing the therapeutic potential of genetically modified SARS-CoV-2 as an oncolytic virus represents a promising frontier in cancer therapy. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms and leveraging novel biological treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, may lead to tailored and effective cancer treatments with reduced side effects.

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“…These cases concern a variety of cancer types including colorectal cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, EBV positive Hodgkin lymphoma, NK/T-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma and acute leukemia [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ]. Direct oncolysis, immune system activation and epitope spreading are among the prevailing underlying mechanisms currently proposed for the SARS-CoV-2-mediated cancer suppressive effects [ 121 ]. However, questions arise about whether these effects can be attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection itself, or they are a consequence of a possible interaction between the COVID-19 treatment modalities and the cancer cells, or the anti-cancer therapies.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vs. Cancer Immunosurveillance: A Game of Thrones within an Inflamed Microenviroment

Liapis

Baritaki

2022

Cancers

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The COVID-19 pandemic accounts for more than 500 million confirmed infections and over 6 million deaths worldwide in the last 2 years. SARS-CoV-2 causes a highly complex form of inflammation that affects the human organism both acutely and chronically. In the same line, cancer as an inflammation-induced and immune-editing disease appears to cross-react with immune system at different levels including early interactions during carcinogenesis and later cross-talks within the tumor microenvironment. With all that in mind, a reasonable question one might address is whether the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the derived “long lasting inflammatory status” that is frequently observed in patients, might affect the cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms and consequently their risk of developing cancer, as well as the tumor and immune cell behaviors within the inflamed microenvironment. On this context, this review intends to outline and discuss the existing knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-mediated immunomodulation under the prism of changes that might be able to interfere with cancer cell immunoescape and the overall tumor progression and response to conventional therapeutics. Our goal is to highlight a potential interplay between the COVID-19 immunopathology and cancer immune-microenvironment that may pave the way for thorough investigation in the future.

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Remission of liquid tumors and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A literature review

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy

An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy

The Oncolytic Viral Activity of SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 vs. Cancer Immunosurveillance: A Game of Thrones within an Inflamed Microenviroment

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