Remobilization of surficial slope sediment triggered by the A.D. 2011 M<sub>w</sub>9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami along the Japan Trench

McHugh, C. M.; Kanamatsu, Toshiya; Seeber, Leonardo; Bopp, Richard F.; Cormier, Marie-Hélène; Usami, Kazuko

doi:10.1130/g37650.1

Cited by 72 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1A, B). Both cores show relatively clear sedimentary structures, compared to all 23 cores recovered from a broad area of the MST during the cruise (all the coring sites are shown in: McHugh et al 2016). The hemipelagites of these cores are intercalated by obvious event deposits (about three layers per 1 m).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Shaded intervals of the PSV record are horizons disturbed by inclinations of minimum axes of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility . Stars indicate horizons at the excess 210 Pb detection limit and the 137 Cs maximum (McHugh et al 2016) indicates that few large earthquakes (with M ~ 7.5 and larger) have occurred in the forearc off Kamaishi, which is near the coring sites. The reason of the distribution pattern has been discussed based on seismic tomography in the megathrust zone off Tohoku.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Turbidity Current Generation To Earthquake Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stratigraphic correlations between the turbidites in NT13-19 PC08 and those in PC10 are based on the stratigraphic relationships of radioisotope marker horizons (McHugh et al 2016), Hr-FP tephra, and PSV labels in PSV records . Magnetic susceptibility is also taken into account (Fig.…”

Section: Stratigraphic Correlation Between the Turbidites In Pc08 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismo-turbidites (turbidites deposited by earthquake-triggered turbidity currents) have been also used to estimate the recurrence history of earthquakes in other active tectonic margins (Goldfinger et al 2012;Gutierrez-Pastor et al 2013;Pouderoux et al 2014;Patton et al 2015). According to analysis of turbidites corresponding to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the upper few centimeters of surface sediments (as distinct from largescale slope failure) were the primary contributors to sediment remobilization along the Japan Trench when the 2011 earthquake occurred (Ikehara et al 2016;McHugh et al 2016). Repeated depositions of seismo-turbidites due to similar remobilizations of surface sediments are speculated to have occurred along the Japan Trench.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

et al. 2018

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On the landward slope of the Japan Trench, the mid-slope terrace (MST) is located at a depth of 4000-6000 m. Two piston cores from the MST were analyzed to assess the applicability of the MST for turbidite paleoseismology and to find out reliable recurrence record of the great earthquakes along the Japan Trench. The cores have preserved records of ~ 12 seismo-turbidites (event deposits) during the last 4000 years. In the upper parts of the two cores, only the following earthquakes (magnitude M ~ 8 and larger) were clearly recorded: the 2011 Tohoku, the 1896 Sanriku, the 1454 Kyotoku, and the 869 Jogan earthquake. In the lower part of the cores, turbidites were deposited alternately in the northern and southern sites during the periods between concurrent depositional events occurring at intervals of 500-900 years. Considering the characteristics of the coring sites for their sensitivity to earthquake shaking, the concurrent depositional events likely correspond to a supercycle that follows giant (M ~ 9) earthquakes along the Japan Trench. Preliminary estimations of peak ground acceleration for the historical earthquakes recorded as the turbidites imply that each rupture length of the 1454 and 869 earthquakes was over 200 km. The earthquakes related to the supercycle have occurred over at least the last 4000 years, and the cycle seems to have become slightly shorter in recent years. Earthquakes off the Sanriku coast forming the alternative deposition of turbidites in the two cores have released a part of accumulated slip, as indicated by the turbidites deposited in only one core. Decreases in the release of accumulated slip have possibly caused the recent shortening of the supercycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Sensitivity Of Turbidity Current Generation To Earthquake Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratigraphic Correlation Between the Turbidites In Pc08 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

et al. 2018

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“…Piper et al 1988Piper et al , 1999, and recent work has proposed that they also impact subaqueous sedimentation processes. Based on radioisotopes in sediments, McHugh et al (2016) quantitatively documented seismo-turbidites generated by remobilization of a few centimetres of surficial sediment triggered by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (M w = 9).…”

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Evidence for surface sediment remobilization by earthquakes in the Nankai forearc region from sedimentary records

Okutsu

Ashi

Yamaguchi

et al. 2018

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Submarine landslides triggered by earthquakes can generate turbidity currents. Recently, several studies have reported that the remobilization of surface sediment triggered by earthquakes can also generate turbidity currents. Such sedimentary processes may be influenced by sediment characteristics, seafloor morphology and seismic motions. Here, we verify surface sediment remobilization using sedimentary records from the Nankai forearc region, SW Japan. We collected multi-core and piston core samples from a small confined basin, mainly composed of silty clay or very fine sand. Radiocaesium measurements of the multi-core show consistently high values in the upper 17 cm and low values below this depth. Rapid sediment deposition after 1950 is assumed, and the most likely cause is the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake. Based on calculations using bathymetric maps and palaeocurrent data, settlement of the upper 17 cm can be explained by redeposition of the surface (c. 1 cm) slope sediment around the basin. Muddy turbidites are also identified in the piston core. The gap in radiocarbon age observed around 2.0 m bsf (metres below seafloor) implies similar sedimentary processes. Our study represents the first examination of surficial remobilization from sedimentary cores in the Nankai forearc region.The recurrence intervals of great subduction earthquakes have been estimated using historical documents and ruins, terrestrial archives (e.g. Cisternas et al. 2005;Nelson et al. 2006) and marine archives (e.g. Adams 1990; Patton et al. 2015). However, palaeoseismic records obtained from historical documents and ruins are limited in number and can only be found up to a certain time after earthquakes. Moreover, terrestrial archives may incompletely record past seismic events due to erosion over time

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Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves

et al. 2017

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Recent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and video stills of sediment‐enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011–2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the 11 April 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment‐laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (> 10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment‐laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.

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Remobilization of surficial slope sediment triggered by the A.D. 2011 M_w9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami along the Japan Trench

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

Evidence for surface sediment remobilization by earthquakes in the Nankai forearc region from sedimentary records

Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves

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Remobilization of surficial slope sediment triggered by the A.D. 2011 Mw9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami along the Japan Trench

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

Evidence for surface sediment remobilization by earthquakes in the Nankai forearc region from sedimentary records

Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves

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Remobilization of surficial slope sediment triggered by the A.D. 2011 M_w9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami along the Japan Trench