Remote Detection of Explosives by Enhanced Pulsed Laser Photodissociation/Laser-Induced Fluorescence Method

Determination of propellant products by time resolved and spatial distribution LIPS combined with high-speed schlieren imaging

“…Since the reaction time of the internal components of energetic materials during detonation is very fast, 1,3,4 it is difficult to detect the detonation products of energetic materials, and in particular the timing sequence of the products, using the conventional measurement method. The conventional methods 5 of detecting detonation products mainly include mass spectrometry (MS), 6,7 laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS), 8 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 9 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, 10 laser-induced uorescence (LIF) 3,11,12 and multiple methods combined. 13,14 Generally, multiple methods are usually utilized jointly to detect more products, since a single detection method can only determine some specic products.…”

Femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy based standoff detection of explosives and discrimination using principal component analysis

“…post incident analysis) [1,2]. In contrast, laser based spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), terahertz spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence possess high potential for in situ remote/standoff detection of explosives, biological warfare agents and hazardous substances [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy has been extensively used in various fields owing to it's robust in situ elemental analysis, such as space exploration, pharmaceutical, soil and nutrient analysis and identification/discrimination of explosives [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Detection of Explosives Using Differential Laser-Induced Perturbation Spectroscopy with a Raman-based Probe

“…6 Furthermore, laser-based methods may not require sample pretreatment (i.e., vaporization of samples) or the use of different kinds of active sensors or reagents, 1 and may be amendable to high screening turnover. The laser-based methods such as laser-induced ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), 7 infrared spectroscopy (IR), 8 laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), [9][10][11] laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), 12,13 terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), 14,15 and Raman spectroscopy may also be suitable as standoff detection methods, each with different advantages and drawbacks. 1 Nonetheless, there are still challenges in using these laser-based techniques for successful explosives detection.…”