Remote System for Monitoring Animal Models With Single-Metabolite Bio-Nano-Sensors

Abstract

Abstract-A novel system for remote monitoring of metabolism in an animal model is proposed in this paper. The system is obtained by integrating bio-nano-sensors to detect singlemetabolites, an electrochemical front-end made with off-the-shelf components, a radio frequency communication sub-system, and an antenna of new design. The system has been calibrated and tested for continuous monitoring of four different metabolites: glucose, lactate, glutamate, and adenosine triphosphate. Tests using animal models (mice) have been conducted to investigate tissue inflammation induced by the implanted bio-nano-sensors. These tests confirm that our system is suitable and reliable for remote monitoring of single-metabolites in experiments with animal models.

A Neuron Model Based Ultralow Current Sensor System for Bioapplications

“…The DNA microarrays developed in recent years are comprehensively used in the field of genome research and drug development. Moreover, remote monitoring systems can be employed to monitor various metabolites in an animal model [2]. The current detected by sensor is fed to a neuron model which in turn fires different spike features, where the frequency of the spikes can be controlled by this firing input current.…”

“…In light of the successful strides achieved in biomedical technology in the last couple of decades, the 21st century is experiencing intensified demands in ultralow current biosensors as it has become increasingly apparent that ultralow current sensors play a critical role in many bioapplications, especially those aimed at biosensing systems. The ultralow current sensors are frequently used in areas such as clinical diagnosis, genome research, drug development [1], surveying systems, metabolite activity monitoring [2], and bioelectrochemical sensors [3].…”

Full Fabrication and Packaging of an Implantable Multi-Panel Device for Monitoring of Metabolites in Small Animals

“…(e.g., glucose, lactate, ATP) in mice, enables understanding of animal model metabolism in translational medicine [4]. The development of an implantable device for monitoring also exogenous substances, such as drugs, would represent a big step towards personalized medicine, because it would enable the individual adjustment of the drug dosage and, therefore, it would increase the accuracy and efficacy of the treatment and reduce dangerous adverse drug reactions, especially for patients with critical or chronic conditions [5].…”

“…For the microfabricated platform, some working electrodes were functionalized by electrodeposition of a chitosan/MWCNT dispersion 8 mg/ml, by applying a fixed potential of 1.5 V for 2400 s [27]. A 15 mg/ml solution of GOx was drop cast on some working electrodes and stored overnight at 4 . All the samples were freshly prepared and used the same day.…”

Electrochemical biochip for applications to wireless and batteryless monitoring of free-moving mice

“…In the area of metabolism monitoring in small animals, the most successful development is the monitoring of glucose in mice [9], even with implants remaining in-vivo up to 56 days [10]. More recent devices have shown detection of other endogenous metabolites (e.g., lactate, glutamate, and ATP) [11] though not within the same sensing platform. However, all these more recent developments still present electrical cables through the animals' skin [9]- [12], which allow only limited movement in the animal cage.…”