Remote tissue conditioning is neuroprotective against MPTP insult in mice

Kim, Boaz; Mitrofanis, John; Stone, Jonathan; Johnstone, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.ibror.2018.01.001

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a series of experiments on Parkinson's disease, Stone, Johnstone, Mitrofanis and colleagues have shown that neuroprotection against Parkinsonian MPTP insult (in mice) can be achieved with PBM delivered to areas of the body remote from the brain. 36,[171][172][173][174] This abscopal effect of PBM is postulated to be due to immune cells, stem cells, or a circulating (unidentified) mediator. The possibility exists that this mediator is linked to changes in the microbiome.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Pbm On the Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“Photobiomics”: Can Light, Including Photobiomodulation, Alter the Microbiome?

Liebert

Bicknell

Johnstone

et al. 2019

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Pbm On the Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“Photobiomics”: Can Light, Including Photobiomodulation, Alter the Microbiome?

Liebert

Bicknell

Johnstone

et al. 2019

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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“…In mice administered MPTP following sub-chronic or chronic injection schedules, transcranial PBM significantly mitigates the loss of dopaminergic cells in the SNc [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], astrogliosis in the SNc and CPu [11] and locomotor deficits as assessed by the open field test [13,15,16,17]. Furthermore, light irradiation of the body (remote PBM) but not the head significantly mitigates the loss of SNc dopaminergic cells in mice exposed to 50 mg/kg MPTP [12,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation Mitigates Cerebrovascular Leakage Induced by the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP

et al. 2019

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The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is commonly used to model Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it specifically damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Recent studies in mice have, however, provided evidence that MPTP also compromises the integrity of the brain’s vasculature. Photobiomodulation (PBM), the irradiation of tissue with low-intensity red light, mitigates MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, but whether PBM also mitigates MPTP-induced damage to the cerebrovasculature has not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize the time course of cerebrovascular disruption following MPTP exposure and to determine whether PBM can mitigate this disruption. Young adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 80 mg/kg MPTP or isotonic saline and perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC-labelled albumin at various time points post-injection. By 7 days post-injection, there was substantial and significant leakage of FITC-labelled albumin into both the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc; p < 0.0001) and the caudate-putamen complex (CPu; p ≤ 0.0003); this leakage partly subsided by 14 days post-injection. Mice that were injected with MPTP and treated with daily transcranial PBM (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 min/day), commencing 24 h after MPTP injection, showed significantly less leakage of FITC-labelled albumin in both the SNc (p < 0.0001) and CPu (p = 0.0003) than sham-treated MPTP mice, with levels of leakage that were not significantly different from saline-injected controls. In summary, this study confirms that MPTP damages the brain’s vasculature, delineates the time course of leakage induced by MPTP out to 14 days post-injection, and provides the first direct evidence that PBM can mitigate this leakage. These findings provide new understanding of the use of the MPTP mouse model as an experimental tool and highlight the potential of PBM as a therapeutic tool for reducing vascular dysfunction in neurological conditions.

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“…Recently, the possibility that PBM therapy targeted at a remote tissue (e.g., abdominal tissue) might elicit systemic mechanisms that provide neuroprotection of the brain is of great interest to researchers [ 83 , 110 , 111 ]. Today, there are a number of convincing examples of the possible systemic effects of PBM in animal models of AD [ 112 , 113 ] and PD [ 74 , 114 , 115 ]. Although the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of systemic or indirect effects of PBM are not clear, we propose that the effect of PBM on the lymphatic system could be one of them.…”

Section: Pbm Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System

Salehpour

Khademi

Bragin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can serve as a non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining and optimizing effective brain waste clearance. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of the glymphatic drainage system in removing toxins and waste metabolites from the brain. We review recent animal research on the neurotherapeutic benefits of PBM therapy on glymphatic drainage and clearance. We also highlight cellular mechanisms of PBM on the cerebral glymphatic system. Animal research has shed light on the beneficial effects of PBM on the cerebral drainage system through the clearance of amyloid-beta via meningeal lymphatic vessels. Finally, PBM-mediated increase in the blood–brain barrier permeability with a subsequent rise in Aβ clearance from PBM-induced relaxation of lymphatic vessels via a vasodilation process will be discussed. We conclude that PBM promotion of cranial and extracranial lymphatic system function might be a promising strategy for the treatment of brain diseases associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow abnormality.

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Remote tissue conditioning is neuroprotective against MPTP insult in mice

Abstract: HighlightsRemote tissue conditioning is an emerging neuroprotective strategy.Remote ischemic conditioning and remote photobiomodulation were tested in MPTP mice.Both interventions protected the midbrain against MPTP insult.Combining the interventions yielded no added benefit.

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

“Photobiomics”: Can Light, Including Photobiomodulation, Alter the Microbiome?

“Photobiomics”: Can Light, Including Photobiomodulation, Alter the Microbiome?

Photobiomodulation Mitigates Cerebrovascular Leakage Induced by the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP

Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System

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