Removal/Dissolution of Mineral Scale Deposits

Chauhan, Kalpana; Sharma, Poonam; Chauhan, Ghanshyam S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63228-9.00029-2

Cited by 20 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typical aqueous systems where scale formation is commonly encountered and poses problems during operations are boiler water, slag cooling water, industrial cooling water used as a single pass or recycled, and oil well water to mention few (Jamero et al 2018;Liu et al 2012b;Olajire 2015). Concentrations of scaling ions, temperature, pressure, pH and salinity are the main factors influencing mineral scale formation in the petroleum industry (Amiri and Moghadasi 2013;Chauhan et al 2015;Dyer and Graham 2002;Hasson and Semiat 2006;Kodel et al 2012;Wildebrand et al 2007). Changes in these factors will alter the scale solubility which in turn affects the kinetics and thermodynamics of the scale formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inorganic scale deposits are a major water-related problem encountered in producing oil and gas wells. The harshness of scale deposits is dependent on the field operating conditions. Scale deposits can vary from mild scaling tendencies to extreme. In general, the scale deposit will cause a reduction in formation pores, declining productivity and eventually blockage of the wellbore and hence unexpected downtime if it is allowed to persevere. To overcome this, the productivity of an oil and gas well is ensured by handling scale deposits via removal or prevention methods. Scale prevention is the best and cost-effective method for handling scale deposits that ensures production continuity. Inhibition through "threshold" scale inhibitor treatment is the most common method that is proven to prevent or reduce likely deposits. This paper examines the art of synthetic scale inhibitors, in particular, threshold scale inhibitors in oil and gas production. It discusses the chemistry of those inhibitors, inhibition mechanisms, treatment methods and key properties for their applications. It also highlights the chemistry of the synthetic routes often used to produce them in the laboratory and/or industry. Finally, it highlights the environmental concerns for the applicability of threshold scale inhibitors.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Today, the world is confronting the threatening problem of freshwater shortage, and desalination is viewed as a workable method to mitigate this problem. However, increasing the concentration of dissolved mineral ions up to a critical point of supersaturation in the circulating cooling water system of desalination plants results in the depositing of strongly adherent scales on the surface, e.g., CaCO 3 , BaSO 4 , CaSO 4 , and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 [1]. Scale deposition causes significant economic losses because of low flow rates and increases the temperature and pressure above the allowed limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical scale inhibition method is considered a promising environmentally friendly means, but it is not sufficiently efficient. It is achieved using certain energy sources such as magnetic and electric energy; in this manner, it is not broadly utilized at present [1,4]. The chemical scale inhibition method, in particular antiscalant additives, is currently the most commonly used method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anionic polymers that contain carboxylic groups have been considered the most useful as scale inhibitors because they have advantageous features such as non-toxicity, good thermal stability, and a small concentration dose up to ppm [1,2,3,11]. However, these polymers also have some defects; some are expensive and difficult to obtain in large quantities, and others need more development to improve their scale inhibition efficiency under some conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of Poly (Citric Acid-Co-Glycerol) and Its Application as an Inhibitor of CaCO3 Deposition

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This investigation determined a feasible route to prepare hyperbranched polyesters involving citric acid (CA) and glycerol (GLC) monomers (CA-co-GLC) using a thermal polycondensation method. The synthesized copolymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The ability of CA-co-GLC to inhibit deposition of inorganic scales such as calcium carbonate was investigated under varying temperature and pH medium. The evaluation of inhibition efficiency (IE) was conducted using the static scale inhibition method. The mechanism of the inhibitor’s action was investigated via growth solution analysis, measurement conductivity, and analysis of CaCO3 using FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained showed that the CA-co-GLC had good IE at an elevated temperature reaching 75% at 100 °C, pH 7.5, and 10 ppm copolymer dose. Using the same dose, the IE reached 66% at 50 °C and pH 10. The CA-co-GLC did not chelate Ca2+ in water, but led to a change in polymorphism, making it brittle and able to slip easily from the surface. Its action principally prevented the adhesion of calcium carbonate onto the surface.

show abstract

“…Also, such inhibitors are sensitive to equilibrium changes. This can be a reason why a particular inhibitor loses its effectiveness after a while, and scale forms even more aggressively [15,20,23]. Particularly, the ion-exchange softening unit used to remove cations and anions from MEG solution may not operate efficiently due to leakage and many other maintenance issues in its hydrochloric acid equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of nanocrystal growth for scale reduction in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration unit

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scale formation is the major problem in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration units of gas refineries. In this study, the effect of adding different concentrations of silica nanoparticles on the growth rate of salt crystals in a rich mono-ethylene glycol solution is investigated, and the corresponding mathematical model is introduced. To obtain the crystallization kinetics, the particle size distribution was measured in continuous intervals of time and temperature using a dynamic light scattering. Measurements were taken at four temperature levels, in 20-min intervals, and 1, 3, 5, and 9 wt% of silica nanoparticles. Results showed that silica nanoparticles reduced the activation energy needed for nucleation and crystallization by more than 50%. However, increasing the concentration of nanoparticles did not result in a further reduction in the activation energy. Rather, it contributed to the formation of larger primary nuclei that form a larger crystal structure. An increase in temperature from 25 to 50 °C led to an increase of 8.8% in the initial crystal growth. On the other side, increasing the concentration of nanoparticles from 1 to 10 wt% at a constant temperature increased the crystallization growth rate by 3.4%. The proposed mathematical model predicts the kinetics of crystal growth with an acceptable accuracy with the mean relative error of 6.19% for the whole range of concentration and temperature.

show abstract

Removal/Dissolution of Mineral Scale Deposits

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

State of the art of synthetic threshold scale inhibitors for mineral scaling in the petroleum industry: a review

Synthesis of Poly (Citric Acid-Co-Glycerol) and Its Application as an Inhibitor of CaCO3 Deposition

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of nanocrystal growth for scale reduction in mono-ethylene glycol regeneration unit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About