“…The K dif constant also was higher in the first step, suggesting lower resistance of the boundary layer. Other authors have observed similar behaviour, obtaining three linear segments related to the two main mechanisms and equilibrium …”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 67%
“…This fact indicates that the adsorption occurred in a monolayer and the adsorbed molecules did not interact with each other . Other authors have observed a better application of this model for the adsorption of APAP in low‐cost adsorbents …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Other authors have observed similar behaviour, obtaining three linear segments related to the two main mechanisms and equilibrium. [48][49][50] Equilibrium study The equilibrium study is the most important in understanding the adsorption process. 51 Figure 9 shows the APAP adsorption isotherms onto mod-MO at temperatures of 298, 308 and 318 K.…”
“…The K dif constant also was higher in the first step, suggesting lower resistance of the boundary layer. Other authors have observed similar behaviour, obtaining three linear segments related to the two main mechanisms and equilibrium …”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 67%
“…This fact indicates that the adsorption occurred in a monolayer and the adsorbed molecules did not interact with each other . Other authors have observed a better application of this model for the adsorption of APAP in low‐cost adsorbents …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Other authors have observed similar behaviour, obtaining three linear segments related to the two main mechanisms and equilibrium. [48][49][50] Equilibrium study The equilibrium study is the most important in understanding the adsorption process. 51 Figure 9 shows the APAP adsorption isotherms onto mod-MO at temperatures of 298, 308 and 318 K.…”
“…At a higher GNP C300 amount, the active sites of the adsorbent which prepared to bind with the pharmaceutical molecules were not fully used in comparison to lower adsorbent dosages. The increase in the amount of GNP C300 may cause aggregation of adsorbent and possibility of collisions between solid particles [ 49 , 50 ], and consequently, the available adsorption sites may decrease as well owing to the adsorption capacity of GNP C300 for SMX and ACM. Figure 7.…”
Recently, pharmaceutical pollutants in water have emerged as a global concern as they give threat to human health and the environment. In this study, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used to efficiently remove antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and analgesic acetaminophen (ACM) as pharmaceutical pollutants from water by an adsorption process. GNPs; C750, C300, M15 and M5 were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The effects of several parameters viz. solution pH, adsorbent amount, initial concentration and contact time were studied. The parameters were optimized by a batch adsorption process and the maximum removal efficiency for both pharmaceuticals was 99%. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms models were employed, and the experimental data were best analysed with pseudo-second kinetic and Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity (Q
m
) of 210.08 mg g
−1
for SMX and 56.21 mg g
−1
for ACM. A regeneration study was applied using different eluents; 5% ethanol-deionized water 0.005 M NaOH and HCl. GNP C300 was able to remove most of both pollutants from environmental water samples. Molecular docking was used to simulate the adsorption mechanism of GNP C300 towards SMX and ACM with a free binding energy of −7.54 kcal mol
−1
and −5.29 kcal mol
−1
, respectively, which revealed adsorption occurred spontaneously.
“…Breakthrough adsorption curves were predicted from batch kinetic experiments after estimation of homogeneous and heterogeneous diffusion coefficients, reflecting the dependence of diffusion with the surface coverage of paracetamol. Wong et al [207] synthesized activated carbons from spent tea leaves by chemical activation with ZnCl 2 , H 3 PO 4 , NaOH and K 2 CO 3 tested for the adsorption of paracetamol. The activated carbon prepared with H 3 PO 4 showed the highest adsorption capacity (59.2 mg•g −1 ), probably as consequence of the proper activation conditions used with this activating agent (activating ratio 1:1 and activation temperature 600 • C).…”
This review analyzes the preparation and characterization of biomass-derived carbons and their application as adsorbents of emerging contaminants from water. The study begins by identifying the different types of emerging contaminants more often found in water streams, including a brief reference to the available technologies for their removal. It also describes the biomass sources that could be used for the synthesis of biochars and activated carbons (AC). The characterization of the adsorbents and the different approaches that can be followed to learn about the adsorption processes are also detailed. Finally, the work reviews literature studies focused on the adsorption of emerging contaminants on biochars and activated carbons synthesized from biomass precursors.
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