Removal of Astrovirus from Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, Evaluated by a Competitive Reverse Transcription-PCR

El‐Senousy, Waled M.; Guix, Susana; Abid, Islem; Pintó, Rosa M.; Bosch, Albert

doi:10.1128/aem.01748-06

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It may be because of the very low number of the viral genome. Infectious units of enteric viruses are usually 2-3 log 10 lower than genome copies in Egyptian sewage or Nile water samples (El-Senousy et al 2007;El-Senousy et al 2013a). Another reason may be the low sensitivity of MA104 cell line to the infectivity of rotavirus group C. Rotavirus group A genome copy numbers in the final chlorinated sewage effluents ranged from 9 9 10 to 9 9 10 3 genome copies/l, while the number of infectious units in the same samples ranged from 1 9 10 to 6 9 10 infectious units/l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Prevalence of Rotaviruses Groups A and C in Egyptian Children and Aquatic Environment

2015

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The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of rotaviruses groups A and C in Egyptian children and aquatic environment. From 110 stool specimens of children with acute diarrhea and using RT-PCR, 35 samples (31.8 %) were positive for human rotavirus group A and 15 samples (13.6 %) were positive for human rotavirus group C. From 96 samples collected from Zenin wastewater treatment plant over a 2-year period (November 2009-October 2011) and using RT-PCR, rotavirus group A was detected in (4/24) 16.7 %, (5/24) 20.8 %, (4/24) 16.7 %, and (4/24) 16.7 %, while rotavirus group C was detected in (2/24) 8.3 %, (3/24) 12.5 %, (3/24) 12.5 %, and (0/24) 0 % in raw sewage, after primary sedimentation, after secondary sedimentation, and after final chlorination, respectively. Moreover, from 96 samples collected from El-Giza water treatment plant over a 2-year period (November 2009-October 2011), rotavirus group A was detected in (7/24) 29.2 %, (6/24) 25 %, (5/24) 20.8 %, and (3/24) 12.5 %, while rotavirus group C was detected in (3/24) 12.5 %, (1/24) 4.2 %, (1/24) 4.2 %, and (0/24) 0 % in raw Nile water, after sedimentation, after sand filtration, and after final chlorination, respectively. Using SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR, the number of human rotavirus group A genome or infectious units was higher than rotavirus group C. VP6 sequence analysis of the RT-PCR positive rotavirus group C samples revealed that four clinical specimens and three environmental samples showed similar sequences clustered with Moduganari/Human Nigerian strain AF 325806 with 98 % homology, and two clinical specimens and one environmental sample showed similar sequences clustered with Dhaka CB/Human Bangladesh strain AY 754826 with 97 % homology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Rotavirus CC-RT-PCR assay was performed according to Abad et al (1997), El-Senousy et al (2007), and Ghazy et al (2008). The assay was performed on suspensions of infected MA104 cells.…”

Section: Cell Culture Rt-pcr (Cc-rt-pcr) For Quantification Of Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Rotaviruses Groups A and C in Egyptian Children and Aquatic Environment

2015

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“…Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for norovirus and astrovirus (IDEIA TM Norovirus, IDEIA TM Astrovirus and DakoCytomation), rotavirus and enteric adenovirus (IDV Rotavirus-96, IDV Adenovirus-96 and Izasa) were performed on stool specimens. Additionally, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection was performed as previously described (Allard et al, 1992;Guix et al, 2002;Morsy El-Senousy et al, 2007;Vinje and Koopmans, 1996;Villena et al, 2003). Norovirus genotyping was performed by sequencing the amplimers obtained with the JV12/JV13 pair of primers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology and epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain) in 2004–2005

Domı́nguez

Torner

Ruíz

et al. 2008

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…A difference in the stability of different AstVs in the environment has been suggested. For example, Morsy El-Senousy et al (42) reported that genogroup B classic HAstVs (types 6 and 7) are more resistant to wastewater treatments than other classic HAstV genogroups. In our current study, however, this genogroup was not detected in wastewater (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Analysis Indicates that Genetically Diverse Astroviruses, Including Strains Belonging to Novel Clades MLB and VA, Are Circulating within Japanese Populations

Hata

Katayama

Kitajima

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are a common etiological agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Recent studies revealed that novel astrovirus (AstV) strains of the MLB clade (MLB-AstVs) and VA clade (VA-AstVs), which are genetically distinct from the classic HAstVs, are circulating in the human population. In the present study, we quantified classic HAstVs as well as carried out a genetic analysis of classic and novel HAstVs in wastewater in Japan. The concentration of classic HAstVs in the influent water samples ranged from 10 4 to 10 5 copies per liter, and the amount removed by wastewater treatment was determined to be 2.4 ؎ 0.3 log 10 . Four types of classic HAstV strains (HAstV types 1, 2, 5, and 4/8) as well as novel AstV strains belonging to the MLB-2, VA-1, and VA-2 clades were identified using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays, including assays newly developed for the detection of strains of the MLB and VA clades, followed by cloning and nucleotide sequencing. Our results suggest that genetically diverse AstV strains are circulating among the human population in Japan. The newly developed (semi)nested RT-PCR assays for these novel AstV clades are useful to identify and characterize the novel AstVs in environmental waters.H uman astroviruses (HAstVs) are considered one of the most important causes of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide (1). The infections typically occur sporadically, and the cause of 2 to 10% of total viral gastroenteritis cases is attributed to HAstVs (1-6). Astroviruses (AstVs) possess nonenveloped, icosahedrally shaped virions containing approximately 6,800 nucleotides (nt) of single-stranded positive-sense RNA (7). It has been reported that the diameter of AstV particles shed in fecal specimens ranges from 28 to 31 nm, while the diameter of those grown in cell culture is 41 nm (8). Their viral genome consists of three open reading frames (ORFs), namely, ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2, encoding the serine protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and capsid proteins, respectively (7). HAstVs are antigenically or genetically classified into eight different types (HAstV type 1 [HAstV-1] to HAstV-8). Previous studies revealed that HAstV-1 is the most prevalent type among infected individuals and in the environment, followed by 5,[9][10][11][12][13].Because HAstV can be excreted in the feces of infected individuals at a high concentration (up to 10 15 particles/g) (14), examination of municipal wastewater samples could be an effective approach to understand the actual prevalence and epidemiology of these viruses (15, 16). In spite of their importance as enteric pathogens, the occurrence and other characteristics of HAstVs in water compared to those of other enteric viruses, such as noroviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses, have not been well documented (17, 18). Due to the scarcity of knowledge, the fate of HAstVs in water environments and wastewater treatment processes is not well understood.Recent studies based on viral metagenomic analysis have identified some novel AstVs, namely, clade MLB ...

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Removal of Astrovirus from Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, Evaluated by a Competitive Reverse Transcription-PCR

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of Rotaviruses Groups A and C in Egyptian Children and Aquatic Environment

Prevalence of Rotaviruses Groups A and C in Egyptian Children and Aquatic Environment

Aetiology and epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain) in 2004–2005

Wastewater Analysis Indicates that Genetically Diverse Astroviruses, Including Strains Belonging to Novel Clades MLB and VA, Are Circulating within Japanese Populations

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