c Cyanobacterial glycogen-deficient mutants display impaired degradation of light-harvesting phycobilisomes under nitrogenlimiting growth conditions and secrete a suite of organic acids as a putative reductant-spilling mechanism. This genetic background, therefore, represents an important platform to better understand the complex relationships between light harvesting, photosynthetic electron transport, carbon fixation, and carbon/nitrogen metabolisms. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of photosynthesis as a function of reductant sink manipulation in a glycogen-deficient glgC mutant of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. The glgC mutant showed increased susceptibility to photoinhibition during the initial phase of nitrogen deprivation. However, after extended periods of nitrogen deprivation, glgC mutant cells maintained higher levels of photosynthetic activity than the wild type, supporting continuous organic acid secretion in the absence of biomass accumulation. In contrast to the wild type, the glgC mutant maintained efficient energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers, had an elevated PSII/PSI ratio as a result of reduced PSII degradation, and retained a nitrogen-repletetype ultrastructure, including an extensive thylakoid membrane network, after prolonged nitrogen deprivation. Together, these results suggest that multiple global signals for nitrogen deprivation are not activated in the glgC mutant, allowing the maintenance of active photosynthetic complexes under conditions where photosynthesis would normally be abolished.
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient required for the synthesis of pigments, proteins, and nucleic acids in cyanobacteria. When nitrogen availability is limiting for cell growth and proliferation, a defined sequence of stress responses is deployed in most cyanobacteria. The immediate response is to increase the expression of genes associated with nitrogen uptake and assimilation (1-4). This is followed within hours by the cessation of growth and the mobilization of internal nitrogen stores through the degradation of the light-harvesting phycobilisomes, which contain nitrogen-rich phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin (5-7). Phycobilisome degradation also serves to reduce the light-harvesting cross section of the cell, thus avoiding excessive photon absorption, which can result in photooxidative damage in the absence of downstream metabolic oxidation reactions. The simultaneous activation of glycogen biosynthesis, degradation of thylakoid membranes, and reduction in the expression of genes associated with photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and de novo protein synthesis define the short-term acclimation events in response to nitrogen limitation (1-4). The longer-term acclimation in response to nitrogen limitation involves a decrease in metabolic activity to a minimum level that supports cell viability using energy derived from the catabolism of glycogen and cyclic electron transfer around photosystem I (PSI) (2, 3).The reductio...