“…However, bio‐adsorption has the disadvantages of a low adsorption efficiency and long processing time (Yu & Choi, ). Recently, many researchers have studied methods to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions using biomaterials and wastes (Chen, Shah, Shi, & Chiang, ; Khatoon, Uddin, & Rao, ; Lee & Choi, ; Singh et al, ). Among the various methods, adsorption is very economical because it has a high treatment efficiency, short processing time, low sludge production, and ability to reuse the adsorbent (Anastopoulos, Karamesouti, Mitropoulos, & Kyzas, ; Choi & Yu, ; Islam et al, ).…”