Removal of Copper from Molten Steel using FeO–SiO2–CaCl2 Flux

Hu, Xiaojun; Zheng, Yong; Jiang, Pingguo; Zhu, Liquan; Chou, Kuo‐Chih; Matsuura, Hiroyuki; Tsukihashi, Fumitaka

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.53.920

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This problem has been already recognized, and a number of processes have been proposed for Cu removal: vacuum distillation, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] sulfide flux refining, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] low-melting point bath, [19] and chlorination. [20][21][22][23][24][25] However, some of the approaches showed relatively low-refining efficiency as well as some inherent disadvantages of the processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation Mechanism of Cu from Liquid Fe Containing C and S

Jung

Kang

2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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A number of liquid-gas experiments were carried out in order to elucidate evaporation mechanism of Cu from liquid Fe containing C and S. Rate of Cu evaporation in liquid Fe droplets at 1873 K (1600°C) was determined using electromagnetic levitation equipment. Evaporation rate of the Cu under various conditions (flow rate of gas mixtures, initial C, and S concentrations) was examined. It was found from a series of kinetic analyses of the experimental data that Cu evaporates in forms of Cu(g) and CuS(g). As was reported for the Sn evaporation from liquid iron (Jung et al. Met. Mater. Trans. 46B, 250-258, 2014), S plays two roles for the evaporation of Cu: accelerating the rate by forming CuS(g) and decelerating the rate by blocking evaporation sites. As a result of these combinatorial effects, the evaporation of Cu is decelerated at low S content, but is accelerated at high S content. Based on the elucidated mechanism, an evaporation model equation for Cu was developed in the present study, which takes into account (1) evaporation of Cu in the two forms (Cu(g) and CuS(g)), (2) surface blocking by S using ideal Langmuir adsorption, and (3) effect of C. The obtained rate constant of a reaction Cu i + S i = CuS i (g), k CuS R , is 1.37 9 10 À9 m 4 mol À1 s À1 , and the residual rate constant, k CuS r , is 4.11 9 10 À10 m 4 mol À1 s À1 at 1873 K (1600°C). Both of them were found to be one order lower than those for Sn evaporation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation Mechanism of Cu from Liquid Fe Containing C and S

Jung

Kang

2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Studies report contamination of the melt with 0.1 to 1 wt pct S-up to 100 times higher than levels typically encountered in refining. The sulfide-modified oxide slag designed by Cohen [54] and the chloride slag designed by Hu et al [67] prevent sulfur contamination, but the distribution ratio of copper is much lower. Yamaguchi et al [68] demonstrated that metallic solvent layered between the melt and flux would prevent contamination while reducing the amount of flux required, but this is not practical because the relative densities do not allow layering in this way.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rate equations have been determined for the reduction of copper concentration in distillation, reactive gas evaporation, leaching, and vacuum arc refining. Distilling pure copper from an iron-based melt is governed by [40] volatility: decomposes>60ºC [85] : observed [86] volatility: Cu(N 3 ) 2 boiling point: 215ºC (explodes) [85] : observed [67] volatility: Cu 3 Cl 3 boiling point: 667ºC [81] : sulfur Ellingham diagram [83] miscibility: Pb-Cu, Pb-Fe phase diagrams [82] miscibility: Ag-Cu, Ag-Fe phase diagrams [82] : oxygen Ellingham diagram [83] : observed [67] : sulfur Ellingham diagram [83] partitioning: surface adsorption: observed [19] Variety of conditions with several of k apply from 1500 to 1700ºC, 1 Pa to atmospheric pressure, with various melt additions and rates of stirring. model of dilute metallic solute removal [43] melt-stock at 1600ºC.…”

Section: Process Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Most Efficient Way to Remove Residual Copper from Steel Scrap

Daehn

Serrenho

Allwood

2019

Metall Mater Trans B

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The supply of end-of-life steel scrap is growing, but residual copper reduces its value. Once copper attaches during hammer shredding, no commercial process beyond hand-picking exists to extract it, yet high-value flat products require less than 0.1 wt pct copper to avoid metallurgical problems. Various techniques for copper separation have been explored in laboratory trials, but as yet no attempt has been made to provide an integrated assessment of all options. Therefore, for the first time, a framework is proposed to define the full range of separation routes and evaluate their potential to remove copper, while estimating their energy and material input requirements. The thermodynamic, kinetic, and technological constraints of the various techniques are analyzed to show that copper could be removed to below 0.1 wt pct with relatively low energy and material consumption. Higher-density shredding allows for greater physical separation, but requires proper incentivization. Vacuum distillation could be viable with a reactor that minimizes radiation heat losses. High-temperature solid scrap pre-treatments would be less energy intensive than melt treatments, but their efficacy with typical shredded scrap is yet unconfirmed. The framework developed here can be applied to other impurity-base metal systems to coordinate process innovation as the scrap supply expands.

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“…Данный способ обеспечивал снижение концентрации меди на 50-60 % после одного цикла обработки. В [7] предложили новый механизм удаления меди из жидкой стали с учетом реакций хлорирования и испарения продуктов. Использовали флюс системы FeO-SiO2-CaCl2 и предположили, что на границе расплав-флюс происходили окисление меди и ее переход во флюс в виде Cu2O с дальнейшим процессом хлорирования до CuCl и испарения хлорида.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Interaction of Exogenous Nanoparticles Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 with Copper, Dissolved in Iron Melts

Бурцев

Анучкин

Самохин

2019

RIJIE

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Изучили процессы взаимодействия экзогенных наночастиц Al2O3 и MgAl2O4 с расплавами железа, содержащими ПАВ-медь. Термодинамическими расчетами обосновали выбор указанных наночастиц. Исследовали зависимость степени удаления меди при гетерофазном взаимодействии от размерных факторов: времени изотермической выдержки после ввода наночастиц, от типа наночастиц и концентрации меди в металле. Показали, что введение наночастиц Al2O3 привело к уменьшению содержания меди от 9 до 20 отн. %, а MgAl2O4-от 10 до 24 отн. %. После введения Al2O3 в нержавеющую сталь 12Х18Н10Т степень удаления меди составляла от 6 до 23 отн. % в зависимости от времени пребывания наночастиц в расплаве и их концентрации.

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Removal of Copper from Molten Steel using FeO–SiO2–CaCl2 Flux

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Evaporation Mechanism of Cu from Liquid Fe Containing C and S

Evaporation Mechanism of Cu from Liquid Fe Containing C and S

Finding the Most Efficient Way to Remove Residual Copper from Steel Scrap

Interaction of Exogenous Nanoparticles Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 with Copper, Dissolved in Iron Melts

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