Removal of enteric viruses and Escherichia coli from municipal treated effluent by zebra mussels

Aims The study was aimed to understand the depuration process of Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), to consider the use of the zebra mussel as a bioremediation tool. Materials and methods Two experiments were performed: (i) individual exposure of mussel to investigate oocyst transfers between bivalves and water and (ii) in vivo exposure to assess the ability of the zebra mussel to degrade oocysts. Results (i) Our results highlighted a transfer of oocysts from the mussels to the water after 3 and 7 days of depuration; however, some oocysts were still bioaccumulated in mussel tissue. (ii) Between 7 days of exposure at 1000 or 10 000 oocysts/mussel/day and 7 days of depuration, the number of bioaccumulated oocysts did not vary but the number of infectious oocysts decreased. Conclusion Results show that D. polymorpha can release oocysts in water via (pseudo)faeces in depuration period. Oocysts remain bioaccumulated and infectious oocyst number decreases during the depuration period in zebra mussel tissues. Results suggest a degradation of bioaccumulated C. parvum and T. gondii oocysts. Significance and Impact of the Study This study highlighted the potential use of D. polymorpha as a bioremediation tool to mitigate of protozoan contamination in water resources.

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“…2015), E. coli bacteria (Mezzanotte et al . 2016), pharmaceuticals (Binelli et al . 2014) and inactivate the enterovirus (Mezzanotte et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015; Mezzanotte et al . 2016). Moreover, zebra mussel ability to bioaccumulate and thus bioextract C. parvum and T. gondii oocysts from water has been described under laboratory conditions (Graczyk et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts bioaccumulated by Dreissena polymorpha

et al. 2020

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“…The microorganisms accumulated inside the mussels include bacteria, viruses and some pathogenic protozoa (Selegean et al ., 2001; Graczyk et al ., 2004; Palos Ladeiro et al ., 2014; Kerambrun et al ., 2016; Mezzanotte et al ., 2016; Mosteo et al ., 2016; Bighiu et al ., 2019). Free‐living amoebas (FLAs) have been found on the shell of the mussel (Bischoff and Wetmore, 2009), and also in extracts of freshwater bivalves from the Ebro River basin using microscopy techniques, but the genus of the FLA was not identified (Mosteo et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of free‐living amoebas and amoeba‐resistant bacteria accumulated in Dreissena polymorpha

Goñi

LaPlante

Fernández

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary To identify the free‐living amoeba (FLA) and amoeba‐resistant bacteria (ARB) accumulated in zebra mussels and in the water in which they are found, mussels were collected at two locations in the Ebro river basin (North East Spain). FLAs and bacteria were isolated from mussel extracts and from natural water. PCR techniques were used to identify the FLAs and endosymbiont bacteria (Legionella, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas and cyanobacteria), and to detect Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The most frequently found FLAs were Naegleria spp. The presence of Legionella, Mycobacterium and Pseudomonas inside the FLA was demonstrated, and in some cases both Legionella and Pseudomonas were found together. Differences between FLAs and ARB identified inside the mussels and in the water were detected. In addition, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus spp. were accumulated in mussels in concentrations unconnected with those found in water. The results show the ability of the zebra mussel to act as a reservoir of potentially pathogenic FLAs, which are associated with potentially pathogenic ARB, although the lack of association between microorganisms inside the mussels and in the water suggests that they are not useful for monitoring microbiological contamination at a specific time.

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“…Bivalve molluscs are powerful biofilterers (McMahon, 1991), which can effectively cleanse water of a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria (Miller et al 2006; Ismail et al 2015), parasitic protists (Robertson, 2007; Lucy et al 2008; Willis et al 2014; Słodkowicz-Kowalska et al 2015), larval stages of parasitic copepods (Molloy et al 2011; Bartsch et al 2013) and even viruses (Faust et al 2009; Mezzanotte et al 2016, however see Stumpf et al 2010). Thus, the potential of bivalves to reduce various aquatic diseases caused by microparasites (viruses, bacteria, protists) has been demonstrated, while the effect of bivalves on macroparasite transmission is still understudied (Burge et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) reduce transmission of a common fish trematode (eye fluke,Diplostomum pseudospathaceum)

et al. 2017

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Recent results suggest that bivalves can play an important role in restraining the spread of various aquatic infections. However, the ability of mussels to remove free-living stages of macroparasites and reduce their transmission is still understudied, especially for freshwater ecosystems. We investigated the influence of the common freshwater mussel (Anodonta anatina) on the transmission of a trematode (eye fluke, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum), which frequently infects fish in farms and natural habitats. In our experiments, mussels caused a significant decrease (P < 0·001) in the abundance of trematode free-living stages, from 6520 to 1770 cercariae L-1 on average (about 4-fold in 2 h). Individual clearance rates of mussels were 0·6‒3·7 L per hour (mean 1·9). These tests were followed by experimental infections of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with different doses of D. pseudospathaceum cercariae in the presence or absence of mussels. Exposure of fish to cercariae in the presence of mussels significantly (P < 0·05) reduced the infection intensities in fish (by 30-40%) at all exposure doses. Our results indicate that freshwater bivalves can markedly reduce local cercariae densities and could be useful in mitigation of trematodoses harmful to fish farming.

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Removal of enteric viruses and Escherichia coli from municipal treated effluent by zebra mussels

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Survival and infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts bioaccumulated by Dreissena polymorpha

Survival and infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts bioaccumulated by Dreissena polymorpha

Identification of free‐living amoebas and amoeba‐resistant bacteria accumulated in Dreissena polymorpha

Freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) reduce transmission of a common fish trematode (eye fluke,Diplostomum pseudospathaceum)

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