Removal of Impurity Elements from Molten Aluminum: A Review

Zhang, Lifeng; Lv, Xuewei; Torgerson, Alex Tryg; Long, Mujun

doi:10.1080/08827508.2010.483396

Cited by 64 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 130 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hasil penelitian dengan variasi waktu tahan diperlihatkan pada Gambar 2. , 2011;Alsaffar, 2008;Totten, 2003;ASM vol.2, 2004;Cabden, 1994;Wotton, 1994;Ozer, 2013;Rabah, 2013). Scrap kaleng minuman dilebur dalam keadaan telah dipotong menjadi beberapa bagian kecil dan dicampur antara bagian tutup kaleng dengan badan kaleng.…”

Section: Kadar Magnesiumunclassified

“…Dapat terlihat dari Gambar 7 bahwa semakin lama waktu tahan fluxing maka perolehan Al akan semakin meningkat. Keadaan ini disebabkan karena semakin lama waktu yang digunakan untuk proses fluxing maka proses pengikatan flux terhadap logam pengotor akan semakin meningkat (Utigard, 2001;Zhang, 2011;. Berdasarkan Gambar 7 nilai maksimum dari perolehan Al berada pada penambahan flux 15% dengan waktu tahan 240 menit yaitu sebesar 97,49%.…”

Section: Gambar 7 Pengaruh Waktu Tahan Fluxing Terhadap Perolehan Aluunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

PENGARUH MASSA FLUX DAN WAKTU TAHAN FLUXING TERHADAP PENGURANGAN Mg PADA RECYCLING KALENG MINUMAN ALUMUNIUM

Oediyani¹,

Zain

Juniarsih

2017

tjst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRAKPemanfaatan pengolahan scrap kaleng minuman aluminium dapat digunakan sebagai bahan sekunder pada proses manufaktur produk aluminium. Ingot hasil daur ulang scrap kaleng minuman aluminium diharapkan dapat mengurangi biaya produksi, mengurangi polusi yang ditimbulkan serta dapat memenuhi kebutuhan aluminium di Indonesia. Penggunaan flux merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengurangi unsur pengotor pada aluminium paduan disamping itu flux dapat melindungi logam cair berikatan dengan oksigen. Di dalam penelitian ini digunakan scrap kaleng minuman yang terdiri dari scrap kaleng minuman berkarbonasi, isotonik dan penyegar. Pembuatan ingot dari bahan baku scrap kaleng minuman aluminium menggunakan variasi waktu tahan proses fluxing selama 60, 120, 180 dan 240 menit dan variasi penambahan massa flux sebanyak 5, 10 dan 15% dari total massa scrap. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian terhadap ingot yang dihasilkan untuk mengetahui persen penurunan kadar Mg dan perolehan Al menggunakan analisa teknik XRF, pengujian metalografi terhadap ingot untuk melihat strukturmikro hasil daur ulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen reduksi Mg tertinggi adalah 77,83% pada sampel penambahan 15% flux dengan waktu tahan selama 120 menit, perolehan Al tertinggi didapatkan sebesar 97,49% pada sampel penambahan 15% flux dengan waktu tahan 240 menit. Untuk nilai persen yield, recovery dan recycling efficiency, nilai tertinggi pada penambahan 10% flux dengan waktu tahan 180 menit dengan masingmasing nilai sebesar 98,82% untuk yield, 71,84% untuk recovery dan 70,53% untuk recycling efficiency. ABSTRACTThe utilization of aluminum beverage scrap processing can be used as a secondary material in the manufacturing process of aluminum products. Ingot recycled scrap aluminum beverage cans are expected to reduce production costs, reduce pollution generated and can meet the needs of aluminum in Indonesia. The use of flux is one of the methods used to reduce the impurity element on aluminum alloy beside that flux can protect molten metal binds to oxygen. In this study used scrap beverage cans consisting of carbonated beverage scrap cans, isotonic and refreshing. Ingot ingredients from scrap aluminum beverage cans using variation of fluxing resistance time for 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes and variations of flux mass increase of 5, 10 and 15% of total scrap mass. Then tested the resulting ingot to know the percent decrease of Mg and Al recovery using XRF technique, metallographic test to ingot to see recycled microstructure. The results showed that the highest reduction percentage of Mg was 77.83% in a sample of 15% flux addition with a duration of 120 minutes, the highest Al gain was 97.49% in the sample of 15% flux addition with 240 min. For percent yield, recovery and recycling efficiency, the highest value is 10% flux with 180 minutes of duration with 98.82% for yield, 71.84% for recovery and 70.53% for recycling efficiency.

show abstract

Section: Kadar Magnesiumunclassified

Section: Gambar 7 Pengaruh Waktu Tahan Fluxing Terhadap Perolehan Aluunclassified

PENGARUH MASSA FLUX DAN WAKTU TAHAN FLUXING TERHADAP PENGURANGAN Mg PADA RECYCLING KALENG MINUMAN ALUMUNIUM

Oediyani¹,

Zain

Juniarsih

2017

tjst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, large numbers of modified thermodynamic approaches based on existing data are used to describe silicon refining under low pressure (Rahimi and Ward 2005;Hołyst and Litniewski 2009). Beyond common challenges in modeling chemical batch processes in general (Edgar 1996) or removing impurity elements from the molten metal (Zhang at al. 2011), refining liquid silicon faces additional challenges associated with rough but costly measurements of impurity content and limited control sensor devices due to high temperatures and a chemically aggressive atmosphere (Mitra s sinović and Utigard 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling of High-Temperature Low-Pressure Silicon-Refining Process

Mitrašinović

D'Souza

Utigard

et al. 2013

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An improved method for the modeling of the impurity reduction factor during high-temperature low-pressure silicon treatment is suggested. The implementation of a modified logistic function in a mathematical model allows it to be utilized for any range of treatment temperatures. The new model defines the maximum reduction factor for each impurity element present in liquid silicon and defines a critical treatment temperature value. Evaporation increase constant, with high adaptability for the implementation of new process parameters, indicated rapid increase in impurity removal at treatment temperatures slightly above melting point of silicon. Various statistical parameters for the logistic regression method were considerably lower for the 16 studied impurity elements than for the linear or logarithmic correlations.

show abstract

“…9,10] are just a few examples of geophysical processes that to some extent can be described through the settling of inertial particles in a fluid undergoing highly vigorous convection. In industrial settings, the purification of alloys [11] and microfluidic heat transfer technologies [e.g. 12] count into this group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settling behaviour of particles in Rayleigh-Benard convection

Patočka¹,

Calzavarini²,

Tosi³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The settling behaviour of small inertial particles in turbulent convection is a fundamental problem across several disciplines, from geophysics to metallurgy. In a geophysical context, the settling of dense crystals controls the mode of solidification of magma chambers and planetary-scale magma oceans, while rising of light bubbles of volatiles drives volcanic outgassing and the formation of primordial atmospheres. Motivated by these geophysical systems, we perform a systematic numerical study on the settling rate of particles in a rectangular two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard system with Rayleigh number up to 10 12 and Prandtl number from 10 to 50. Under the idealized condition of spherically-shaped particles with small Reynolds number, two limiting behaviours exist for the settling velocity. On the one hand, Stokes' law applies to particles with small but finite response time, leading to a constant settling rate. On the other hand, particles with a vanishing response time are expected to settle at an exponential rate. Based on our simulations, we present a new physical model that bridges the gap between the above limiting behaviours by describing the sedimentation of inertial particles as a random process with two key components: i) the transport of particles from vigorously convecting regions into sluggish, low-velocity "piles" that naturally develop at the horizontal boundaries of the system, and ii) the probability that particles escape such low-velocity regions without settling at their base. In addition, we identify four distinct settling regimes and analyze the horizontal distribution of sedimented particles. For two of these regimes settling is particularly slow and the distribution is strongly non-uniform, with dense particles being deposited preferentially below major clusters of upwellings. Finally, we apply our results to the crystallization of a magma ocean. Our prediction of the characteristic settling times is consistent with fractional crystallization, i.e. with the efficient separation of dense crystals from the residual lighter fluid. In absence of an efficient mechanism to re-entrain settled particles, equilibrium crystallization appears possible only for particles with extremely small density contrasts.

show abstract

Removal of Impurity Elements from Molten Aluminum: A Review

Cited by 64 publications

References 130 publications

PENGARUH MASSA FLUX DAN WAKTU TAHAN FLUXING TERHADAP PENGURANGAN Mg PADA RECYCLING KALENG MINUMAN ALUMUNIUM

PENGARUH MASSA FLUX DAN WAKTU TAHAN FLUXING TERHADAP PENGURANGAN Mg PADA RECYCLING KALENG MINUMAN ALUMUNIUM

Modeling of High-Temperature Low-Pressure Silicon-Refining Process

Settling behaviour of particles in Rayleigh-Benard convection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About