Removal of ions from saline water using N, P co-doped 3D hierarchical carbon architectures <i>via</i> capacitive deionization

Han, Jinlong; Shi, Liyi; Yan, Tingting; Zhang, Jianping; Zhang, Dengsong

doi:10.1039/c8en00652k

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The contact angle ofMg-Cr LDHs/AC is 137° at 90 s which is larger than other electrodes. These results indicated that Mg-Cr LDHs/AC possess the worst hydrophilicity of the LDHs/AC composite electrodes[40,41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Influence of various experimental parameters on the capacitive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using LDHs/AC composite electrodes

Zhou

Hong

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

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The efficient uptake of phosphate from aqueous solutions was achieved on layered double hydroxides (LDHs)-based electrodes via capacitive desalination in our previous study. The current follow-up work was mainly carried out to study the influence of various experimental parameters on the capacitive removal of phosphate using LDHs/activated carbon (LDHs/AC) composite electrodes. A series of batch experiments were implemented to investigate the experimental factors, including Mg 2+ /Al 3+ ratios (2, 3, and 4), trivalent metal cations (Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+), initial solution pH (from 3 to 10), coexisting anions (NO 3-, Cl-, SO 4 2-), and ion strengths, in capacitive deionization. The electrode materials before and after capacitive deionization were characterized to reinforce the analysis of the adsorption mechanisms by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results indicated that the Mg-Al LDHs/AC electrodes exhibited higher phosphate adsorption capacity (80.43 mg PO 4 3-/g), more regular morphology, and higher degree of crystallinity than that of Mg-Fe LDHs/AC and Mg-Cr LDHs/AC. Increasing Mg 2+ /Al 3+ ratios enhanced the adsorption capacity of phosphate. The uptake of phosphate by Mg-Al LDHs/AC under circumneutral pH and low ion strength reached the maximum level. Furthermore, the presence of coexisting anions lowered the adsorption capacity of phosphate mainly due to the occurrence of a compressed electrical double layer. Therefore, the influence of different experimental parameters on phosphate removal via capacitive deionization by Mg-Al LDHs/AC necessitates a 3 systematic investigation to optimize the preparation conditions of LDHs-based electrodes and several important operating parameters.

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

Influence of various experimental parameters on the capacitive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using LDHs/AC composite electrodes

Zhou

Hong

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…Recently, the surface modification by heteroatom incorporation and the chemical conversion from low‐cost biomass precursors into high value‐added carbon materials have been investigated as emerging CDI technologies. Chang et al demonstrated N,S‐codoped carbon materials through a ball milling and heat treatment of polymers such as polyvinyl dichloride.…”

Section: Carbon Materials For Sodium Capture By Capacitive Deionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sodium Storage and Capture

et al. 2019

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803444. Electrochemical sodium storage and capture are considered an attractive technology owing to the natural abundance, low cost, safety, and cleanness of sodium, and the higher efficiency of the electrochemical system compared to fossil-fuel-based counterparts. Considering that the sodium-ion chemistry often largely deviates from the lithium-based one despite the physical and chemical similarities, the architecture and chemical structure of electrode materials should be designed for highly efficient sodium storage and capture technologies. Here, the rational design in the structure and chemistry of carbon materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), sodium-ion capacitors (SICs), and capacitive deionization (CDI) applications is comprehensively reviewed. Types and features of carbon materials are classified into ordered and disordered carbons as well as nanodimensional and nanoporous carbons, covering the effect of synthesis parameters on the carbon structure and chemistry. The sodium storage mechanism and performance of these carbon materials are correlated with the key structural/chemical factors, including the interlayer spacing, crystallite size, porous characteristics, micro/nanostructure, morphology, surface chemistry, heteroatom incorporation, and hybridization. Finally, perspectives on current impediment and future research directions into the development of practical SIBs, SICs, and CDI are also provided. Nanostructured Carbon

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“…Early CDI studies focused on improving electrode properties such as salt adsorption capacity and specific capacitance ( Table 1 ). For instance, the use of three-dimensional hierarchical carbon showed the salt adsorption capacity of 26.80 mg g −1 [ 43 ], which is nearly triple the capacity of the non-treated carbon electrode [ 34 , 35 ]. However, a recent study showed that thermodynamic efficiency could not be proportionally increased, regardless of the electrode properties [ 71 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

2020

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In the past few decades, membrane-based processes have become mainstream in water desalination because of their relatively high water flux, salt rejection, and reasonable operating cost over thermal-based desalination processes. The energy consumption of the membrane process has been continuously lowered (from >10 kWh m−3 to ~3 kWh m−3) over the past decades but remains higher than the theoretical minimum value (~0.8 kWh m−3) for seawater desalination. Thus, the high energy consumption of membrane processes has led to the development of alternative processes, such as the electrochemical, that use relatively less energy. Decades of research have revealed that the low energy consumption of the electrochemical process is closely coupled with a relatively low extent of desalination. Recent studies indicate that electrochemical process must overcome efficiency rather than energy consumption hurdles. This short perspective aims to provide platforms to compare the energy efficiency of the representative membrane and electrochemical processes based on the working principle of each process. Future water desalination methods and the potential role of nanotechnology as an efficient tool to overcome current limitations are also discussed.

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Removal of ions from saline water using N, P co-doped 3D hierarchical carbon architectures via capacitive deionization

Abstract: Removal of ions from saline water has been demonstrated by using N, P co-doped 3D hierarchical carbon via capacitive deionization.

Cited by 63 publications

References 53 publications

Influence of various experimental parameters on the capacitive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using LDHs/AC composite electrodes

Influence of various experimental parameters on the capacitive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using LDHs/AC composite electrodes

Rational Design of Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sodium Storage and Capture

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

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