Removal of lead (II) and cadmium (II) cations from water using surface‐modified graphene

Abstract

With its unique structure, graphene exhibits a number of outstanding mechanical, optical, and electronic properties, thus promising several potential applications. In the current work, graphene sheets were prepared from graphite and surface‐modified via an acid treatment. The synthesized material physicochemical properties were assessed using X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and BET analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman as well as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The ability of the surface‐modified graphene in the adsorptive elimination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) cations from aqueous solutions was investigated batchwise under numerous experimental conditions. A pseudo‐second order kinetic model described adequately the adsorption kinetic profiles. The adsorption isotherms were compared to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. It was found that for both heavy metal cations, adsorption isotherms were reasonably described by Langmuir model equation. Maximum adsorption capacities reached 0.946 and 1.779 mmol ion/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively.

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements—BET, BJH, and DFT

“…Specific surface area plays a primary role in the adsorption of chemicals and ions from either aqueous, or gaseous solutions, as well as in nanoparticle applications . The blue cluster (Figure ) groups keywords related to water remediation, mostly including adsorption, activated carbon, removal, wastewater, aqueous solutions, equilibrium, kinetics, RSM (response surface methodology), heavy metal ions, and methylene blue …”

“…[34] The blue cluster ( Figure 5) groups keywords related to water remediation, mostly including adsorption, activated carbon, removal, wastewater, aqueous solutions, equilibrium, kinetics, RSM (response surface methodology), heavy metal ions, and methylene blue. [35] The nanoparticle cluster (green) is strongly connected to adsorption, which implies that researchers are seeking simple methods to synthesize particles like carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Wang et al [36] compared different methods to produce CNFs and mentioned template etching which yielded SSA = 970 m 2 Á g −1 .…”

Crosslinked Egg White as Eco‐Friendly, Reusable, and Cost‐Effective Biosorbent for Rapid Removal of Indigo Carmine

“…Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide have been widely used for removal of cationic and anionic dyes, and potentially toxic metal(s) . Surface modified graphene materials have also been widely used for adsorption of different potentially toxic metal(s) . Besides, different and technologically important new polymers have also been synthesized for water remediation.…”

“…[13] Surface modified graphene materials have also been widely used for adsorption of different potentially toxic metal(s). [14] Besides, different and technologically important new polymers have also been synthesized for water remediation. For example, Li et al [15] synthesized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles and used the material for rapid and selective removal of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.…”

Silver/graphene nanocomposites as catalysts for the reduction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol: Materials preparation and reaction kinetics studies

“…Various catalysts of metals and metal alloys, such as Au, Pd, Ag, Pt, PtAu, AuPd, and PtPdBi, have shown excellent performance for the catalytic reduction of p ‐NP to p ‐AP. The high surface area, good stability, and abundant surface functional groups of graphene oxides (GO) offer opportunities for further chemical modifications, especially for the anchoring of metals, metal oxides, and other metal‐containing composites . Previous studies have shown that GO are perfect supports for various metal nanoparticles, and many attempts have been made to prepare GO or RGO hybrids by incorporating metal nanoparticles for the enhancement of certain properties .…”