“…Among these heavy metals, Pb 2+ , coming from battery manufacturing, ceramic and glass manufacturing, OPEN ACCESS metal planting and finishing, printing, and production of lead additives for gasoline, is known to have a severe toxic damage to neuronal system, kidneys, reproductive system, liver and brain [2,3]. Since lead does not degrade in environment like organic pollutants [4], the safe and effective disposal of wastewater containing Pb 2+ is always a challenge to industrialists and environmentalists [5].…”