Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution using papain immobilized on alginate bead: Optimization of immobilization condition and modeling of removal study

New insights into synergistic effects and active species toward Hg0 emission control by Fe(VI) absorbent

“…In this work, based on the central composite experimental design, the regression coefficients of synergized effect were calculated using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method and the probabilities indexes of multi-factor interactions, also known as P-values, were obtained by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) (The statistical calculation process in detail is shown in SI-1 part of the supplementary data). P-value less than 0.05 was taken as a significant interaction effect [27]. The ANOVA statistical calculated results show that the quadratic interactions between the initial pH of reaction solution and reaction temperature have the strongest effect (P-value is 0.0039) on the removal of Hg 0 , while both the integrated effect between initial concentration of Fe(VI) and pH (P-value is 0.6311) and between the initial concentrations of Fe(VI) and the reaction temperature (P-value is 0.3269) are inferior than the former.…”

“…Considering many unparalleled advantages, including minimization of the number of experiments and analysis of potential interaction of factors [27,28], response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find out the relationship between the removal efficiencies of Hg 0 and the associated factors, to evaluate the significance of each factor and their synergistic effects, and therefore to determine the optimal industrial operating conditions for the Hg 0 removal. The output response is the removal efficiency of Hg 0 (%), which was calculated as below…”

“…It is not only time-consuming, but also usually incapable of reaching the true optimum due to ignoring the interactions among factors. Compared with other statistical experimental design methods, the main advantage of response surface methodology (RSM) is the reduced number of experiment trials needed to evaluate multiple parameters and their interactions [27,28]. For this reason, RSM was employed to investigate the independent and synergistic effects of main operating conditions on the Hg 0 removal capability, respectively, in order to optimize the process and provide parameters suitable for a pilot-scale trial.…”

Mechano-chemical and biological energetics of immobilized enzymes onto functionalized polymers and their applications

“…Furthermore, a proteolytic enzyme known as papin having the ability to bind with metal ions due to the presence of sulfhydryl group in the active center was immobilized in alginate beads for removal of lead. The immobilized enzyme was found to remove 98.88% of lead at 10 mg/mL of total concentration [ 152 ]. Indeed, Qu and his worker entrapped a microbial lipase onto chitosan nanoparticles for removing nickel impurities from waste water.…”

Papain enzyme supported on magnetic nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and application in the fruit juice clarification

“…Enzyme immobilization offers several advantages over free enzymes such as choice of batch or continuous processes, rapid termination of reactions, controlled product formation, ease of enzyme removal from the reaction mixture, enhanced thermal stability, and adaptability to diverse engineered designs [4,5]. To date, papain has been immobilized on various supports such as silica spheres [6], activated charcoal [7], cotton fabric [8], and alginate beads [9].…”