Layered
double-oxide/biochar composites (ZnAl-LDO@BB) were successfully
prepared by a hydrothermal method and are used to adsorb different
pollutants. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning
electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,
and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize
the ZnAl-LDO@BB. The synthesized ZnAl-LDO@BB were regular microspheres,
and ZnAl nanosheets were regularly embedded on the surface of the
banana biochar. The adsorption properties of ZnAl-LDO@BB for four
adsorbates in aqueous solution were evaluated by batch adsorption
experiments. The results showed that ZnAl-LDO@BB can quickly and effectively
adsorb Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO), total phosphorus (TP),
and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Adsorption conformed to the Langmuir
model and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic equation, and the adsorbed
amounts of CR, MO, TP, and Cr(VI) calculated by the Langmuir model
were 344.83, 588.24, 322.58, and 64.52 mg/g, respectively. The mechanism
of the adsorbate removal by ZnAl-LDO@BB involves surface functional
group complexation, pore adsorption, and interlayer channel adsorption.
Based on these results, ZnAl-LDO@BB is a multifunctional green material
for water treatment and has good application prospects.