Removal of power-line interference from the ECG: a review of the subtraction procedure

Levkov, Chavdar; Mihov, Georgy; Ivanov, Ratcho; Daskalov, И.; Christov, Ivaylo; Dotsinsky, Ivan

doi:10.1186/1475-925x-4-50

Cited by 169 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The scope of the present article is focused on the two basic preprocessing steps-filtering and the QRS detection, both defining the quality of the input of the ECG interpretation module. 14 The adequate preprocessor filter design must provide maximal artifact rejection with minimal ECG distortions. However, the spectra of ECG and artifacts in their variety often overlap, 30 implying that there would be a compromise depending on the specific application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online Digital Filter and QRS Detector Applicable in Low Resource ECG Monitoring Systems

2008

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The present work describes fast computation methods for real-time digital filtration and QRS detection, both applicable in autonomous personal ECG systems for long-term monitoring. Since such devices work under considerable artifacts of intensive body and electrode movements, the input filtering should provide high-quality ECG signals supporting the accurate ECG interpretation. In this respect, we propose a combined high-pass and power-line interference rejection filter, introducing the simple principle of averaging of samples with a predefined distance between them. In our implementation (sampling frequency of 250 Hz), we applied averaging over 17 samples distanced by 10 samples (Filter10x17), thus realizing a comb filter with a zero at 50 Hz and high-pass cut-off at 1.1 Hz. Filter10x17 affords very fast filtering procedure at the price of minimal computing resources. Another benefit concerns the small ECG distortions introduced by the filter, providing its powerful application in the preprocessing module of diagnostic systems analyzing the ECG morphology. Filter10x17 does not attenuate the QRS amplitude, or introduce significant ST-segment elevation/depression. The filter output produces a constant error, leading to uniform shifting of the entire P-QRS-T segment toward about 5% of the R-peak amplitude. Tests with standardized ECG signals proved that Filter10x17 is capable to remove very strong baseline wanderings, and to fully suppress 50 Hz interferences. By changing the number of the averaged samples and the distance between them, a filter design with different cut-off and zero frequency could be easily achieved. The real-time QRS detector is designed with simplified computations over single channel, low-resolution ECGs. It relies on simple evaluations of amplitudes and slopes, including history of their mean values estimated over the preceding beats, smart adjustable thresholds, as well as linear logical rules for identification of the R-peaks in real-time. The performance of the QRS detector was tested with internationally recognized ECG databases (AHA, MIT-BIH, European ST-T database), showing mean sensitivity of 99.65% and positive predictive value of 99.57%. The performance of the presented QRS detector can be highly rated, comparable and even better than other published real-time QRS detectors. Examples representing some typical unfavorable conditions in real ECGs, illustrate the common operation of Filter10x17 and the QRS detector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 The main drawback is reduction of high-frequency components of ECG waves, in particular the QRS complexes. Smart techniques are proposed to overcome this problem, such as the subtraction procedure, 18 at the price of auxiliary computations for non-linear segments detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Digital Filter and QRS Detector Applicable in Low Resource ECG Monitoring Systems

2008

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“…ECG signal provides almost all the information about electrical activity of the heart so care should be taken while doing the ECG filtering, such that the desired information is not distorted or altered in any way. [7] have used the subtraction procedure to remove the powerline noise Ziarani AK, KonardA [8] used a nonlinear adaptive method to remove noise. LIN Yue-Der, YU HEN HU [9] have proposed a PLI detector that employs an optimal linear discriminant analysis (LDA).…”

Section: Ecg Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination Method for Powerline Interference Reduction in ECG

Kaur¹,

Arora²

2010

IJCA

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The ECG signal is a graphical representation of the electromechanical activity of the cardiac system. For diagnostic quality ECG recordings, signal acquisition must be noise free. Since ECG signals are only of the order of 1mV in amplitude, the ECG acquisition is susceptible to many types of noises In fact the waveforms of interest are sometimes so heavily masked by noise that their presence can only be revealed after the applications of appropriate signal processing tools. Common to all types of ECG analysis -whether it concerns resting ECG interpretation, stress testing, ambulatory monitoring or intensive care monitoring the first step is to remove the noise and Powerline interference is one of them. Many types of analog and Digital Filters have been proposed/ suggested by the researchers. The present paper has proposed a combination technique of three methods i.e. the Moving Averages technique, IIR Notch and Wavelets to reduce the Powerline interference. The results have clearly indicated that there is reduction in Powerline noise in the ECG signal. The results have been concluded using Matlab and MIT-BIH database (with 60 Hz Powerline interference)

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“…Electrocardiograph (ECG) signals are exposed to distortion by several noise sources such as electric power system and recording electrodes [1,2]. And power-line interference (PLI) (centered at 50/60 Hz) is a major problem during the recording of the ECG signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, suppression of the PLI components from the ECG signals is required. This suppression can be executed via different types of notch filters [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of low power DTMOS based FCS and its notch filter application for ECG signals

Ugranli¹,

Yildirim²,

Kaçar³

2017

International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering

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Abstract:In this study, p-MOSFETs in floating current source circuit are converted to dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET structure and a second order notch filter application is carried out by using the DTMOS based FCS circuit. The proposed model is simulated in LTSPICE simulator by using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 0,18μm CMOS technology. DTMOS structure allows the operation of the circuit at lower power about 4,95nW. Operating frequency of notch filter consisting of the DTMOS-FCS circuit is set up to suppress the undesirable effects of power-line interference on the electrocardiograph signals.

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Removal of power-line interference from the ECG: a review of the subtraction procedure

Cited by 169 publications

References 38 publications

Online Digital Filter and QRS Detector Applicable in Low Resource ECG Monitoring Systems

Online Digital Filter and QRS Detector Applicable in Low Resource ECG Monitoring Systems

Combination Method for Powerline Interference Reduction in ECG

Design of low power DTMOS based FCS and its notch filter application for ECG signals

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