Removal of sulphur from the marine boundary layer by ozone oxidation in sea-salt aerosols

Sievering, H.; Boatman, Joe F.; Gorman, E.; Kim, Y.; Anderson, Linda; Ennis, G. L.; Luria, Menachem; Pandis, Spyros N.

doi:10.1038/360571a0

Cited by 166 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is consistent with a slow reaction of S(IV) in the water layer. Sea salt is known to contain buffering species such as carbonates which can react with dissolved S(IV) [Sievering et al, , 1992[Sievering et al, , 1995 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The uptake of SO₂ on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

Gebel

Finlayson-Pitts

Ganske

2000

Geophysical Research Letters

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Abstract. The uptake of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on synthetic sea salt (SSS) and its components, NaC1 and MgCI2o6H20, was studied at 298 K using a Knudsen cell interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Significant uptake on dried salts was not observed, placing upper limits on the uptake coefficients, ¾, of < 1 x 10-4 for NaCI, < 5 x 10-4 for MgC12-6H20, and < 8 x 10-5 for SSS. However, SSS and MgCI2o6H20 that had not been dried before use showed significant uptake of SO2. The magnitude of the uptake depended strongly on the exposure time and the amount of water desorbing. Initially, the measured uptake coefficients for SO2 on SSS were as high as 0.09, but they rapidly decreased below 10-2 with a t-l/2 dependence as expected for approach to the equilibrium saturation concentration in an aqueous solution. The decreasing uptake coefficient slowly approaches zero over hours, consistent with reactions in a water layer with species such as CaCO3. The products of the reaction were shown by diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to include low solubility metal sulfites. These studies show that uptake of SO2 on sea salt particles, even below their deliquescence/effiuorescence points, can be treated as if it is into an aqueous salt solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the marine boundary layer is oxidized in deliquesced sea salt aerosol with dissolved oxidants such as ozone and H202 to form S(VI) species Sievering et al, 1991Sievering et al, , 1992Sievering et al, , 1995 [Vogt et. al., 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The uptake of SO₂ on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

Gebel

Finlayson-Pitts

Ganske

2000

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Finlayson-Pitts [1983], Finlayson-Pitts et al [1989], and Behnke et al [1997] have shown that the reaction of NO2 and N205 with NaC1 aerosol in the marine boundary (MBL) provides an effective initiation pathway for atomic chlorine. Sea salt is also responsible for a large fraction of the non-sea salt sulfate formation since it is an important sink for SO2 in the MBL [Sievering et al, 1991[Sievering et al, , 1992 The radius and the density of sea salt particles are largely affected by its hygroscopicity. We accounted for their evolution in time as a function of relative humidity (RH) conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the source formulation on modeling the atmospheric global distribution of sea salt aerosol

Guelle¹,

Schulz²,

Balkanski³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

193

135

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Abstract. Three different sea salt generation functions are investigated for use in global three-dimensional atmospheric models. Complementary observational data are used to validate an annual simulation of the whole size range (film, jet, and spume droplet derived particles). Aerosol concentrations are corrected for humidity growth and sampler inlet characteristics. Data from the North American deposition network are corrected for mineral dust to derive sea salt wet fluxes. We find that sea salt transport to inner continental areas requires substantial mass in the jet droplet range, which is best reproduced with the source of Monahah et al. [1986]. The results from this source formulation also shows the best agreement with aerosol concentration seasonality and sea salt size distributions below 4/•m dry radius. Measured wind speed dependence of coarse particle occurrence suggests that above 4/•m the source from Smith and Harrison [1998] is most appropriate. Such sea salt simulations are relevant for assessing heterogeneous chemistry and radiative effects. Sea salt aerosol provides on an annual average, in marine regions, an aggregate surface area equal to 1-10% of the area of the underlying Earth's surface. Together with mineral dust, sulfate, and carbonaceous aerosol the total aerosol surface area globally amounts to 13% of that of the Earth's surface. On the basis of atmospheric column burdens, sea salt represents 21% of the total global aerosol surface area. Equal partitioning of the aerosol surface area among the four components suggests that one has to consider all of them if the global aerosol impact is to be fully determined. IntroductionSea salt aerosol produced by the action of wind at the ocean surface constitutes the most abundant aerosol component together with mineral dust. Sea salt studies have addressed its impact on tropospheric chemistry, radiation balance, or air/sea exchange of matter and energy. The radius and the density of sea salt particles are largely affected by its hygroscopicity. We accounted for their evolution in time as a function of relative humidity (RH) conditions. At each model time step, for every grid box and size bin, radius and density were computed as a function of the mean dry radius and ECMWF three-dimensional (3-D) fields of specific humidity and temperature [see Gerber, 1988]. We assumed the particles to be spherical and to have the pure NaC1 ionic composition. Sea Salt Generation FunctionsTwo main mechanisms are thought to control sea salt formation: bubble bursting and tearing of wave crests by wind. Figures 2a and 2b). However, the annual number load is largest with Monahan (see also

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“…Seasalt aerosol particles are an important component of marine air a!ecting both physical processes, such as light scattering and cloud droplet growth, and chemical process involving the uptake and release of reactive gases (Livingston & Finlayson-Pitts, 1991;Chameides & Stelson, 1992;Sievering et al, 1992;Keene et al, 1998). Seasalt particles are produced at the ocean surface by the bursting of entrained air bubbles produced by the action of wind (Woodcock, 1953;Blanchard & Woodcock, 1957, 1980Blanchard, 1983;Monahan, Spiel, & Davidson, 1986;Gong, Barrie, Blanchet, & Spacek, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time measurement of sodium in single aerosol particles by flame emission: laboratory characterization

Clark

Campuzano‐Jost

Covert

et al. 2001

Journal of Aerosol Science

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A #ame emission aerosol sodium detector (ASD) has been developed to study the distribution of seasalt in individual marine aerosol droplets. The instrument detects sodium via D-line emission in a fuel-rich, laminar, hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen #ame. Laboratory studies with synthetic monodisperse aerosols were carried out in order to characterize the sensitivity, precision, and linearity of the technique. Experiments were also carried out with aerosols generated from mixed salt solutions and seawater in order to determine whether ionic or other matrix e!ects lead to interference. The ASD has a linear response function for NaCl aerosol particles from 100 nm to 2.0 m in diameter. The precision of sodium mass measurements is on the order of $3% standard error on replicate measurements, with a quantitative response to the sodium content of a single aerosol particle that is independent of the chemical composition of the particle, i.e. anions, cations, seawater. No interferences were found with major ions in seawater and common atmospheric aerosols. These experiments demonstrate a detection limit equivalent to a 100 nm diameter dry 100% NaCl aerosol.

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Removal of sulphur from the marine boundary layer by ozone oxidation in sea-salt aerosols

Cited by 166 publications

References 22 publications

The uptake of SO₂ on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

The uptake of SO₂ on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

Influence of the source formulation on modeling the atmospheric global distribution of sea salt aerosol

Real-time measurement of sodium in single aerosol particles by flame emission: laboratory characterization

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Removal of sulphur from the marine boundary layer by ozone oxidation in sea-salt aerosols

Cited by 166 publications

References 22 publications

The uptake of SO2 on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

The uptake of SO2 on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

Influence of the source formulation on modeling the atmospheric global distribution of sea salt aerosol

Real-time measurement of sodium in single aerosol particles by flame emission: laboratory characterization

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Product

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The uptake of SO₂ on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

The uptake of SO₂ on synthetic sea salt and some of its components