Renal clearance of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in humans and their species-specific excretion

Harada, Kouji H.; Inoue, Kazuhiro; Morikawa, Akiko; T, Yoshinaga; Saito, Norimitsu

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2004.12.003

Cited by 246 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…Most of the earlier studies 17,20,23,26) , but not others 18,24) , showed significantly lower serum levels of PFOA in women than in men. The reason for the lack of sex difference in PFOA levels observed in our study may be in part because lower blood levels at reproductive ages (16−39 years) were canceled out by the higher blood levels at postmenopausal ages (≥60 years) in women; it has been reported that blood levels of PFOA also decrease during pregnancy 27) and increase after menopause 28) . PFOS levels in blood increased with advancing age in both men and women, whereas PFOA levels increased with age only in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…One report showed that maternal serum levels of PFOS decreased significantly from 24−28 weeks of gestation to the time of delivery 27) . Menstruation has been suggested as another route of excretion of PFOS 28) . Although we could not evaluate this possibility because of a lack of data on menopausal status, high blood levels of PFOS in women aged 60 years or older were in accord with this notion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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PFOA, with medians being highest in the Tokai/Hokuriku/ Kinki region. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the concentrations of PFOS in blood were mainly associated with fish consumption and that the levels of PFOS and PFOA were associated with the serum levels of liver enzymes in Japanese populations. Further investigations are required to clarify the reason for the regional differences in blood levels of PFOS and PFOA in Japan. (J Occup Health 2013; 55: 184−194) Key words: Blood, Fish intake, Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), Serum liver enzymes Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are man-made chemical substances containing C-C and C-F bonds. PFCs are extremely resistant to degradation, and accumulate in the environment. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two of the main PFCs. PFOS and PFOA have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. PFOS bioaccumulates in animal tissues through the food web 1) , and exposure to PFOA occurs in part through drinking water and beverages 2) . The geometric mean elimination half-lives of PFOS and PFOA from human serum are approximately 4.8 and 3.5 years, respectively 3) . Recently, it has been reported that PFOS and PFOA have toxic effects on wildlife and humans. The toxicity includes neurobehavioral defects 4) , hepatotoxicity 5) , immune toxicity and carcinogenicity 6) . A reduction in human exposure to PFCs has been reported following the phasing-out of perfluorosulfonyl-based compounds and the Environmental Protection Agency's program The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the blood levels of PFOS and PFOA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 307 men and 301 women (aged 16−76 years) living in 15 prefectures in Japan. Blood levels of PFOS and PFOA were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hepatic enzymes (γ -GTP, GOT, and GPT) and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) levels in serum were also measured. Associations between the levels of PFOS and PFOA in blood and the intake frequency of 41 kinds of dishes, foods and beverages and the serum levels of liver enzymes and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined using rank correlations. Results: Frequency of intake of boiled fish in broth, sliced raw fish and coastal fish showed significant positive correlations with PFOS concentrations in blood after adjustments for potential confounders. Serum levels of GOT, GPT, DHA and EPA showed significant positive correlations with PFOS and PFOA in blood. There was also a significant regional difference in the blood levels of PFOS and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…PFOA was consistently correlated with age in all five age groups (Supplementary Table S5). Furthermore, the PFOA concentrations of both regions showed significant positive correlations with age; the PFOA and PFNA concentrations of males showed significant positive correlations with age, while no PFCs concentrations of females was found significantly correlated with age (Supplementary Table S4), which can be attributable to possible excretion ways for females, e.g., menstrual bleeding, pregnancy and lactation (Harada et al, 2005;Karrman et al, 2007).…”

Section: Age Effect On Pfcs Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of age, gender and region on serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in general population of Henan, China

Wang

et al. 2014

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t s133 Serum samples were collected from inland China aged 0-88 years for analysis. Compared with coastal region, the levels and composition of PFCs were different. Significant increases in PFOA, PFNA, and PFOS concentrations over age were found. Median concentrations of 4 PFCs were higher in males than in females. Higher PFOA concentrations were found in urban populations. a r t i c l e i n f o , respectively. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.37 ng mL À1. PFOA and PFOS were positively correlated (r = 0.219) in serum samples, indicating that they may have common exposure pathways. For all donors (0-88 years), significant increases in PFOA (r = 0.239, p < 0.01), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (r = 0.185, p < 0.05) and PFOS (r = 0.175, p < 0.05) concentrations over age were found. Median concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and PFOS were higher in males than in females. Higher PFOA concentrations were found in urban populations than in rural populations. Since PFCs exposure in general population is prevalent, further studies are needed to explore its possible impacts on epidemiological factors.

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“…Although some literatures address the pharmacokinetics of PFCs, there appears to be a species difference in gender-and agedependency on PFC concentration (21,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination and Effects of Perfluorochemicals in Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica). 1. Residue Level, Tissue Distribution, and Temporal Trend

Ishibashi

Iwata

Kim

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Concentrations of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) including perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (PFCAs) were determined in liver and serum of Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica) collected from Lake Baikal, Russia in 2005. Among the 10 PFC compounds measured, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA, 3.3-72 ng/g wet wt) concentrations were the highest in liver, followed by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS, 2.6-38 ng/ g). The accumulation profile of long-chain (C7-C12) PFCAs in particular, the predominance of PFNA, indicated that 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol or commercially manufactured PFNA is a major local source of PFCs in Lake Baikal. No gender-related differences in the concentrations of individual PFCs or total PFCs were found. Tissues from pups and juveniles contained relatively higher concentrations of PFCs than tissues from subadults and adults, suggesting that maternal transfer of PFCs is of critical importance. Comparison of concentrations of PFCs in livers and sera collected from the same individuals of Baikal seals revealed that residue levels of PFOS, PFNA, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were significantly higher in liver than in serum. The concentration ratios of PFNA and PFDA between liver and serum were calculated to be 14 and 15, respectively, whereas the ratio of PFOS was 2.4. This suggests preferential retention of both PFNA and PFDA in liver. Concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, and PFDA in liver were significantly correlated with those in serum, whereas concentrations of PFUnDA were not correlated in between the two tissues, suggesting differences in pharmacokinetics among these PFCs. Temporal comparisons of hepatic PFC concentrations in seals collected between 1992 and 2005 showed that the concentrations of PFOS (p ) 0.0006), PFNA (p ) 0.061) and PFDA (p ) 0.017) were higher in animals collected in recent years, indicating ongoing sources of PFC contamination in Lake Baikal.

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Renal clearance of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in humans and their species-specific excretion

Cited by 246 publications

References 25 publications

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Effects of age, gender and region on serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in general population of Henan, China

Contamination and Effects of Perfluorochemicals in Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica). 1. Residue Level, Tissue Distribution, and Temporal Trend

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