Renal Diseases and Use of Medicinal Herbal Extracts: A Concise Update of Reported Literature in Africa

Liwa, Anthony Cuthbert

doi:10.24966/nrt-7313/100008

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Contamination from ingestion of potentially toxic medicinal herbs, incorrect substitution of required medicine with toxic herbs, adulteration, herb-drug interactions, the use of suboptimal un-standardized herbal medicines and lack of regulations or their enforcement are some of the main challenges that plague the use of herbal medicines ( Ernst, 2002 ; Liwa and Jaka, 2016 ). It is also known that the source, composition, and preparation of herbal remedies vary with prevailing local healing practices and level of knowledge and skill of the herbalist ( Jha and Rathi, 2008 ; Anywar et al, 2020a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Traditional Healers in Treating People Suffering From HIV/AIDS in Uganda

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Many people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Uganda widely use herbal medicines. However, their toxicity and safety have not been investigated. The use of these plants can potentially cause harmful effects to the health of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of some commonly used medicinal plant species used by PLHIV.Methods: The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was determined with the AlamarBlue cell viability assay using the human glioblastoma cell line U87.CD4.CXCR4. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of extracts of Warburgia ugandensis, Erythrina abyssinica, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Albizia coriaria, Psorospermum febrifugium, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Securidaca longipendunculata, Vachellia hockii, Gardenia ternifolia, and Bridelia micrantha reconstituted with ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Using regression analysis, the half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the plant extracts were calculated from exponential curve fits, since they provided the highest coefficient of determination, R2.Results: The ethanol extracts of W. ugandensis (CC50 = 7.6 μg/ml) and A. coriaria (CC50 = 1.5 μg/ml) as well as the DMSO-reconstituted extracts of W. ugandensis (CC50 = 6.4 μg/ml) and A. coriria (CC50 = < 4 μg/ml) were highly cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity of W. ugandensis and A. coriaria compared well with the indigenous traditional knowledge of the toxic effects experienced when the plants were not used correctly. However, the cytotoxicity of most of the plant extracts (15/22) was low to moderate (CC50 = 21–200 μg/ml).Conclusion: Most of the plant species tested in this study had low to moderate cytotoxicity against U87.CD4.CXCR4 cells, except W. ugandensis and A. coriria which were highly cytotoxic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Traditional Healers in Treating People Suffering From HIV/AIDS in Uganda

et al. 2022

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“…92,93 Up to 80% of the population in Africa is estimated to use herbal preparations, and this exposure has been associated with kidney injury in Africa and it is recognized to substantially contribute to the CKD burden in the region. 18,54,94,95 The scoping review in Cameroon and a systematic review of studies in Nigeria reported exposure to traditional herbal agents as possible risk factor for CKD. 60,85 In one rural and urban Cameroonian study, use of herbal medicine was reported in 100% of the participants with CKD.…”

Section: Ckd and Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…80 It was also shown that use of traditional herbal remedies was responsible for nearly 35% of all cases of acute kidney injury in Africa that eventually leads to CKD and contribute to CKD risk. 18,94 Recently, higher CKD prevalence of 6.5%-16.2% are observed among agricultural communities in Cameroon, Malawi and Morocco, and agricultural occupation was associated with more than a 2-fold risk of CKD. 41,44,96 In 42.3% of the CKD cases, the traditional risk factors were ruled out and proteinuria was ≤ +1, and the presence of CKDu (6.9% of total study population) was confirmed.…”

Section: Ckd and Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Africa: A review of the literature

Fiseha,

Ekong,

Osborne

2023

Nephrology

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During the last two decades, an epidemic of a severe form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) unrelated to traditional risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) has been recognized in low‐ to middle‐income countries. CKD of unknown aetiology (CKDu) mainly affects young working‐age adults, and has become as an important and devastating public health issue. CKDu is a multifactorial disease with associated genetic and environmental risk factors. This review summarizes the current epidemiological evidence on the burden of CKDu and its probable environmental risk factors contributing to CKD in Africa. PubMed/Medline and the African Journals Online databases were searched to identify relevant population‐based studies published in the last two decades. In the general population, the burden of CKD attributable to CKDu varied from 19.4% to 79%. Epidemiologic studies have established that environmental factors, including genetics, infectious agents, rural residence, low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, agricultural practise and exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals, use of traditional herbs, and contaminated water sources or food contribute to the burden of CKD in the region. There is a great need for epidemiological studies exploring the true burden of CKDu and unique geographical distribution, and the role of environmental factors in the development of CKD/CKDu.image

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“…Recommendations Reference medicinal plants are associated with the pathogenesis of renal diseases in order to update healthcare practitioners to keep abreast with the current information on the medicinal herbal therapies and consequences that may be associated with such health-seeking behaviors [41] Some evidence was in line with the potential nephrotoxicity of plants and their reformers. Despite the lack of clinical research for evaluation of their renal damage, the herbs may be focused in term of their nephrotoxicity; and there is a need for further studies on the scientific basis of their nephrotoxicity [42] Strict controls on the presence of adulterants within herbal medicines, labeling of dosages and contraindications, and manufacturing techniques must be maintained to ensure the safety of those consuming herbal medicines.…”

Section: Table 2 Reviews Recommendations On Pharmacovigilance Of Neph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on pharmacovigilance of nephrotoxic herbal medicines used worldwide

2021

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Materials and methods Search strategyElectronic literature searches were conducted in Mai 2020 to identify case reports of nephrotoxicity associated with herbal medicines use in the last two decade. The scientific resources including PubMed, Scopus, and Science direct were searched using key words such as: 'case report', 'Renal side effect', 'adverse effects', 'Nephrotoxicity', 'Risk', 'Herbal Medicine', 'kidney disease'. The spectrum of herbal induced kidney injuries included kidney stones, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, necrosis, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and death. English articles were the primary focus, but some reports in other languages were considered. Inclusion and exclusion criteriaEligible studies had to fulfil the following criteria: Included studies were case reports of nephrotoxicity associated to herbs use worldwide between 2000 and 2020.Exclusion criteria: Case reports were excluded if they involved mushrooms, poisonous plants, self-harm, excessive doses (except vitamins/minerals), drug-herbal interactions and commercial dietary supplement.

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Renal Diseases and Use of Medicinal Herbal Extracts: A Concise Update of Reported Literature in Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Traditional Healers in Treating People Suffering From HIV/AIDS in Uganda

Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Traditional Healers in Treating People Suffering From HIV/AIDS in Uganda

Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Africa: A review of the literature

Overview on pharmacovigilance of nephrotoxic herbal medicines used worldwide

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