Renal diseases in patients with AIDS: sonographic findings.

Kay, Chester J.

doi:10.2214/ajr.159.3.1503023

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although kidneys affected by HIVAN are often described as enlarged [ 1,2,4], previous sonographic series have also reported normal renal size in some [3] or even most [5] affected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvocalyceal thickening in HIV-associated nephropathy

1995

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvocalyceal thickening in HIV-associated nephropathy

1995

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“…Initially, this was considered to be pathognomonic for disseminated pneumocystis, but further studies indicated that renal calcification could also be seen in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAC) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. 7,8 A study by Radin et al 9 demonstrated disseminated pneumocystis presenting as renal calcifications that were completely confined to the cortex of the kidneys, sparing the medulla. Further investigation by Spouge et al showed that the echogenic foci represent an inflammatory reaction to the organism, and calcification is only seen in later stages of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse Renal Cortical Echogenic Foci in a Patient With AIDS

Kirkpatrick

Northrup

Connors

2013

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Pneumocystis jirovecii is ubiquitous in the environment and is best known as the cause of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immune-suppressed hosts. Extrapulmonary P. jirovecii is a rare complication of this opportunistic infection primarily seen in patients with immune-deficient states. Nephritis due to P. jirovecii was first described by Bargman in 1991 in a patient with atypical nephrocalcinosis found on conventional radiography. This case report presents a patient with Pneumocystis nephritis and describes the sonographic appearance as well as the advantages of sonography in the early detection of this uncommon condition.

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“…Patients with HIVAN typically present with nephrotic-range proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and enlarged kidneys by ultrasound, 27 but do not typically have hypertension. While it has been suggested that male gender, 20,28 use of intravenous drugs, [18][19][20][21]22,23,29 and low CD4 count 30 are all risk factors for HIVAN, conclusions from these studies are limited by selection for more aggressive disease courses that may affect external generalizability.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Coursementioning

confidence: 99%