Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract are not uncommon urological malignancies. Their simultaneous occurrence in a patient is, however, extraordinarily rare. We report the case of a patient who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for suspected RCC. Preoperative imaging was suspicious for renal pelvic involvement, which was confirmed upon bivalving the fresh specimen at the time of surgery, with the discovery of a separate urothelium-based lesion. We discuss this rare occurrence and our management approach.
RésuméIndividuellement, l'hypernéphrome et le carcinome urothélial des voies urinaires supérieures ne sont pas des tumeurs urologiques rares. Leur survenue simultanée chez un même patient est cependant extrêmement rare. La reconnaissance préopératoire ou intraopératoire est cruciale afin que soit effectuée la résection urétérale requise. Nous décrivons un cas d'hypernéphrome et de carcinome urothélial simultanés et homolatéraux.Can Urol Assoc J 2009;3(1): Subsequent investigations included urine cytology, which was atypical but not diagnostic for malignancy, normal cystoscopy and normal blood work, including liver studies and calcium. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a 5.5-cm solid mass on the anterior aspect of the upper pole of the right kidney (Fig. 1). Renal vein, lymph nodes and contralateral kidney were normal. Delayed views of the collecting system were suspicious for protrusion or extension of the mass into the renal pelvis (Fig. 2). The working diagnosis based on imaging studies was RCC with invasion into the collecting system.The patient was eager for definitive management of her renal mass, and so was scheduled for laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy, which was performed uneventfully. Titanium clips were placed on the distal ureter in close approximation before cutting, and there was no spillage of urine. The operating surgeon accompanied the gross specimen to the pathology department and requested that it be bivalved immediately, based on the atypical cytology and the suggestion of possible renal pelvic extension of the mass.Upon opening the kidney, it was clear that there were 2 geographically and morphologically distinct masses in the kidney: a 5.5-cm mass corresponding clearly to the radiographic lesion, and a 2.5-cm papillary mass in the superior aspect of the renal pelvis (Fig. 3). Intraoperative frozen section of the papillary mass confirmed a UC of the renal pelvis. The surgical team was alerted, and the patient's Pfannenstiel incision was extended to allow a right ureterectomy to be performed.Final pathology confirmed the presence of 2 distinct malignancies. A cortical RCC of primarily clear cell histology was present, with Fuhrman nuclear grade 3 of 4, and no invasion of the renal capsule (Fig. 4). There was, however, microscopic invasion of a medium-sized renal vein. The second tumour was a high-grade UC with invasion through the muscularis propria of the renal pelvis and extension into renal sinus fat (Fig. 5). ...